The resulted hydrogel showed high antibacterial activity and excellent biodegradability by natural soil microorganisms with decomposition to 91.7 %. Also, the final hydrogel exhibited reasonable conductivity and pH sensitivity properties.Although the low-temperature reaction mechanism of catalytic CO oxidation reaction remains unclear, the active sites of copper play a crucial role in this mechanism. One-step aerosol-assisted self-assembly (AASA) process has been developed for the synthesis of mesoporous Cu-doped TiO2 microspheres (CuTMS) to incorporate copper into the TiO2 lattice. This strategy highly enhanced the dispersion of copper from 41.10 to 83.65%. Long-term stability of the as-synthesized CuTMS materials for catalytic CO oxidation reaction was monitored using real-time mass spectrum. Isolated CuO and Cu-O-Ti were formed as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The formation of the Cu-O-Ti bonds in the crystal lattice changes the electron densities of Ti(IV) and O, causing a subsequent change in Ti(III)/Ti(IV) and Onon/OTotal ratio. 20CuTMS contained the highest lattice distortion (0.44) in which the Onon/OTotal ratio is lowest (0.18). This finding may be attributed to the absolute formation of the Cu-O-Ti bonds in the crystal lattice. However, the decrease of Ti(III)/Ti(IV) ratio to about 0.35 of 25CuTMS was caused by the CuO cluster formation on the surface. N2O titration-assisted H2 temperature-programmed reduction and in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the properties of copper and effects of active sites.In this study, the metal organic framework (MOF) ZIF-8 was investigated as potential adsorbent for heavy metal ions. The MOF powder was used further to prepare mixed matrix beads (MMBs) using polysulfone as the base material. Both the MOF powder and the MMBs were characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer and zetasizer. Adsorption capacity of the MMBs were 164-220 mg/g for Pb and 92-161 mg/g for Cd. A fundamental pore diffusion-adsorption model was used to predict the batch kinetics for both single and multicomponent cases and effective pore diffusivities and mass transfer coefficients were determined. Mutual interactions among heavy metals were quantified using interaction parameters. ZIF-8, incorporated in the PSF matrix, plays the predominant role in capturing the metal ions through surface complexation with the NH and metal-OH groups. A first principle-based model involving convection, diffusion and adsorption was used to quantify the breakthrough behavior for the continuous fixed bed column using the MMBs. selleck chemicals llc The column performance was tested with battery industry effluent. The saturated beads were suitably regenerated using 0.1(M) HCl solution. Finally, the model parameters were used for scaling up of the columns.Four down-flow structured bed bioreactors were operated targeting biological sulfate-reduction and metal recovery. Three different electron donors were tested glycerol (R1), lactate (R2), sucrose (R3), and a blend of the previous three (R4) with an increasing copper influent load (5, 15, and 30 mg Cu2+.L-1). Copper inhibited sulfate-reduction in R1 (15 mg Cu2+.L-1) and R3 (5 mg Cu2+.L-1), but the fermentative activity was not affected. R2 and R4 were not inhibited by the copper influent concentration. R2 provided the highest sulfate reduction rate (1767.3 ± 240.1 mg SO42-.L.day-1). Nonetheless, the accumulation of settling precipitates was 22 % higher in R4 than in R2, indicating the former yielded the highest metal recovery as settling precipitates (24.8 g FSS.L-1, 25 % Fe2+, 5% Cu2+). 16S rRNA sequencing showed highest diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in R2. A predominance of sulfate-reducing and fermentative bacteria with more similarity was observed between microbial populations in R1 and R4, despite the difference in toxicity thresholds. Hence, the electron donor influenced not only the biological sulfate reduction, but also metal toxicity thresholds and metal recovery as settling precipitates.Polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) may reach landfill leachates (LLs) due to improper waste management. In this study perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) were used as representatives of PFASs in the decomposition on boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDs) with high (10k ppm) and low (0.5k ppm) boron doping concentrations. The result shows that although better COD removal efficacies are obtained on the low-doped BDD (59 % after 8 h), the decomposition rate of PFOA and PFOS was not affected by boron doping. In LLs, at the current density of 75 mA/cm2, averaged removal efficiencies of 80 % and 78 % were achieved for PFOA and PFOS, respectively. But besides concentration of mother compounds, the presence of intermediates during electrolysis should be monitored. After 8 h of LL electrolysis, the presence of long-chain degradates C6F13 and C6F13COO- was still observed only in 10k BDD-PFOA assays, while during 0.5k assays C6F13 and C6F13COO- form more intesively at the beginning of the process. This indirectly confirms the more intensive generation of perfluoroalkoxy and hydroxyl radicals and higher susceptibility to electrolysis of PFOA's long-chain intermediates on 0.5k BDD. This is the first study reporting BDD-electrolysis as promising in PFAS removal from the complex matrix of LLs, despite the oxidation of competing LLs components.The significant upsurge in the demand for freshwater has prompted various developments towards water sustainability. In this context, several materials have gained remarkable interest for the removal of emerging contaminants from various freshwater sources. Among the currently investigated materials for water treatment, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a developing class of porous materials, have provided excellent platforms for the separation of several pollutants from water. The structural modularity and the striking chemical/physical properties of MOFs have provided more room for target-specific environmental applications. However, MOFs limit their practical applications in water treatment due to poor processability issues of the intrinsically fragile and powdered crystalline forms. Nevertheless, growing efforts are recognized to impart macroscopic shapability to render easy handling shapes for real-time industrial applications. Furthermore, efforts have been devoted to improve the stabilities of MOFs that are subjected to fragile collapse in aqueous environments expanding their use in water treatment.