58; 95% CI 2.05-3.24, p less then  0.001) as well as children accompanied by their parents (adjusted OR 2.05; 95% CI1.57-2.69, p  less then  0.001). On the other hand, needle fear was significantly lowered in children studying in private schools as compared to public school children (adjusted OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.28-0.74, p = 0.002). The needle fear, which was an overriding concern in the minds of girls, children accompanied by their parents, and public-school students, must be proactively addressed for successful mass vaccination campaigns. These findings assume further importance with recent international roll out of COVID 19 vaccine. Autogenous tooth transplantation is a reliable method for repairing missing teeth. Although it recently became a recognized and feasible treatment method in dentistry, the long-term efficacy of root canal therapy (RCT) has not been well confirmed. This study is aimed at determining whether RCT has a good effect on the success rate of teeth with complete roots in autogenous tooth transplantation. Data were collected from the Korea University Guro Hospital. Data of patients who underwent autogenous tooth transplantation within 9 years were collected. We selected 29 teeth with complete roots as the research subjects in our study. None of the patients had any systemic diseases. All cases in this study were obtained with patient permission. According to the tooth vitality test, the autogenous teeth tested negative in dental pulp test and function. Nine of the 29 teeth with autogenous tooth transplantation were treated with RCT and survived throughout the observation period. selleck However, 20 autogenous teeth were not treated with RCT, and eight of them did not survive. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 20.0. The null hypothesis was rejected ( < 0.05). For complete root teeth, the success rate after autogenous tooth transplantation after RCT is higher than that of teeth not treated with RCT.For complete root teeth, the success rate after autogenous tooth transplantation after RCT is higher than that of teeth not treated with RCT.Air pollution has become a matter of close concern to people with the continuous development of human society. However, the knowledge of air pollution mechanisms remains insufficient, and there is a lack of evaluation methods for actual pollution. In this paper, air pollution in Internet cafe was studied by detecting surface topography of glass slides after different exposure time by an atomic force microscope (AFM). It is found that the adsorption of air pollutants on glass surface undergoes initial aggregation, particle growth and interparticle deposition, and final full coverage. The chemical composition of contaminated glass surface was further analyzed by an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, showing that the pollution was mainly composed of hydrocarbons regardless of exposure time. Cleaning experiments show that NaHCO3 solution can be the most effective one with saponification reaction and hydrolysis to remove the adsorbed contaminations. This study provides an alternative way for investigating air pollution and a reference for cleaning polluted material surfaces.Retroperitoneal liposarcomas are rare mesenchymal tumors which carry a poor prognosis because of their late presentation. When symptoms do occur, they are usually nonspecific and related to mass effect or invasion of local structures. Rarely, retroperitoneal liposarcomas can clinically and biochemically mimic phaeochromocytomas. We discuss one such case of a 56-year-old Afro-Trinidadian female who presented to her primary care physician with a 3-month history of weakness, intermittent sweating, difficulty sleeping and elevated blood pressure. After a 2 week trial of an oral antihypertensive regime her blood pressure was still elevated and she complained of new right sided abdominal pain. A subsequent Computed Tomography scan of her abdomen revealed an enhancing, heterogeneous right suprarenal mass suspicious for pheochromocytoma. Urinary catecholamines were also elevated and an MRI of her abdomen supported the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma although intralesionsal fat was noted, an uncommon feature of pheochromocytomas. She was booked for laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Histological analysis of the resected specimen confirmed a dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma. While the imaging features of phaeochromocytomas and retroperitoneal liposarcomas can be similar, the presence of intralesional fat on CT and MRI should favour the diagnosis of a retroperitoneal liposarcoma, albeit the clinical and biochemical picture.Empyema necessitans (EN) is a rare complication of bacterial pneumonia, especially in children. It can be caused by many infectious agents, but Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause of EN. We report a 3-month-old girl who had EN on the 90th day of life, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa was isolated from her pleural fluid culture. We could not find another published report about EN caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in an infant. The case highlights that children presenting with fever and chest wall mass should be immediately imaged by chest computed tomography as there might be an urgent need for intervention.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and it is characterized by lymphocytic leukocytosis and secondary hematologic deficiencies. While it most commonly presents as a systemic disease, extramedullary involvement may rarely occur. The literature surrounding CLL metastatic disease to the gallbladder is particularly sparse. Interestingly, we describe a case of a 67-year-old female who presented with painless jaundice and was found to have a rapidly growing gallbladder wall mass which was determined to be CLL metastatic disease after extensive surgical resection. It is important for radiologists to recognize the possibility of CLL metastatic disease to the gallbladder when evaluating potential cases of cholecystitis due to the overlapping spectrum of imaging findings. Cognizant radiologists can potentially save patients from surgical intervention as CLL is classically treated with chemotherapy.