Spray drying achieved 2.40 to 4.15 and 2.33 to 2.83 log reductions in the concentrations of Salmonella and E. faecium, respectively, in the final powder product accumulated in the dryer's collectors. Salmonella and E. faecium were found in various concentrations in all locations within the spray dryer after a complete drying cycle. Differences in inlet air temperature between 180 and 220°C had no significant effect on the inactivation levels. As a surrogate, E. faecium was more resistant to spray drying than Salmonella. Overall, spray drying is capable of significant bacterial reduction in the final powder product, which can be combined with other hurdle technologies. However, adequate cleaning and sanitization procedures must be taken into consideration to prevent cross-contamination.The thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) possesses promising antiproliferative properties. However, its development as an anticancer agent is drastically impaired by its concomitant anticoagulant activity. Therefore, suitable chemical modifications in the TBA sequence would be required in order to preserve its antiproliferative over anticoagulant activity. In this paper, we report structural investigations, based on circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and biological evaluation of four pairs of enantiomeric heterochiral TBA analogues. The four TBA derivatives of the d-series are composed by d-residues except for one l-thymidine in the small TT loops, while their four enantiomers are composed by l-residues except for one d-thymidine in the same TT loop region. Apart from the left-handedness for the l-series TBA derivatives, CD and NMR measurements have shown that all TBA analogues are able to adopt the antiparallel, monomolecular, 'chair-like' G-quadruplex structure characteristic of the natural D-TBA. However, although all eight TBA derivatives are endowed with remarkable cytotoxic activities against colon and lung cancer cell lines, only TBA derivatives of the l-series show no anticoagulant activity and are considerably resistant in biological environments.Research has shown that the presence of implants can revert bone resorption and thus contribute to a greater preservation of the residual bone ridge, especially in edentulous mandibles. Bone remodeling has yet to be extensively studied in the context of prosthetic options for edentulous arches. This study aims to evaluate the long-term behavior of bone tissue in the posterior region of edentulous mandibles rehabilitated with implant-retained fixed prostheses using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Selected individuals were rehabilitated with 5 external hexagon platform implants and an implant-retained fixed prosthesis. CBCT scans were performed immediately after surgery and after 8, 22, and 32 months (T0, T8, T22, and T32, respectively). Implants were installed between the mental foramen. Subsequently, bone crest height and density were measured in the posterior region of the mandible on the images in 3 distinct areas at 5, 10, and 15 mm from the center of the distal implant axis. Analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for multiple analyses. The results indicate a statistically significant difference in bone height between T0 and all subsequent times; the bone height at T32 was 8.85% higher than at T0 (p = 0.05). There was bone height difference between all analyzed regions. The bone growth difference between the 5 mm and 15 mm positions was 28.42% after 32 months (p = 0.00). A significant increase of 5.76% in bone density was observed between T0 and T22 (p = 0.03). Within the limitations of this study (sample size, follow-up duration), it was demonstrated that the use of implant-retained fixed prostheses in the mandible resulted in qualitative and quantitative bone growth (bone preservation) in the posterior region of the mandible. Further research is needed to identify the validity of our findings for other populations and determine the duration of the bone remodeling process in rehabilitated edentulous mandibles.Prosthetic rehabilitation in maxillectomy patients aims to separate the oral and nasal cavities to provide adequate articulation, restore the contour of the midface, and provide acceptable aesthetic results. This clinical case report describes prosthetic rehabilitation via placement of dental implants in the zygomatic bone in a patient who underwent partial maxillectomy due to osteosarcoma. The success of obturator placement after maxillectomy requires retention by the surrounding dental tissue or dental implants. When zygomatic implants cannot be used, dental implants placed in the zygomatic bone and attachments fastened to these implants can easily provide the retention and stability required by the obturator.Quantitative analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in oral fluid has gained increasing interest in clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories. find more New medicinal and/or recreational cannabinoid products require laboratories to distinguish different patterns of cannabinoid use. This study validated a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for 13 different cannabinoids, including (-)-trans-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), (-)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (Δ9-THCA-A), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-Δ9-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THCCOOH), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiorcol (CBD-C1), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabigerol (CBG) in oral fluid. Baseline separation was achieved in the entire quantitation range between Δ9-THC and its isomer Δ8-THC. The quantitation range of Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, and CBD was from 0.1 ng/mL to 800 ng/mL. Two hundred human subject oral fluid samples were analyzed with this method after solid phase extraction (SPE). Among the 200 human subject oral fluid samples, all 13 cannabinoid analytes were confirmed in at least one sample. Δ8-THC was confirmed in 11 samples, with or without the present of Δ9-THC. A high concentration of 11-OH-Δ9-THC or Δ9-THCCOOH (>400 ng/mL) was confirmed in three samples. CBD, Δ9-THCA-A, THCV, CBN, and CBG were confirmed in 74, 39, 44, 107, and 112 of the 179 confirmed Δ9-THC positive samples, respectively. The quantitation of multiple cannabinoids and metabolites in oral fluid simultaneously provides valuable information for revealing cannabinoid consumption and interpreting cannabinoid-induced driving impairment.