The country with largest number of top cited articles was USA. The keyword most commonly associated with the 50 top cited articles was 'Photodynamic therapy'. Extensively, various specialties of medicine and dentistry have been explored in the last 15 years in the journal of Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy. Based on citatations, we have highlighted those that can be considered as classic research.Extensively, various specialties of medicine and dentistry have been explored in the last 15 years in the journal of Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy. Based on citatations, we have highlighted those that can be considered as classic research.The Age of Acquisition (AoA) effect is such that words acquired early in life are processed more quickly than later-acquired words. One explanation for the AoA effects is the arbitrary mapping hypothesis (Ellis & Lambon-Ralph, 2000), stating that the AoA effects are more likely to occur in items that have an arbitrary, rather than a systematic, nature between input and output. Previous behavioural findings have shown that the AoA effects are larger in pictorial than word items. However, no behavioural studies have attempted to directly assess the AoA effects in relation to the connections between representations. In the first two experiments, 48 participants completed a word-picture verification task (Experiments 1A and 2A), together with a spoken (Experiment 1B) or written (Experiment 2B) picture naming task. In the third and fourth experiments, 48 participants complete a picture-word verification task (Experiments 3A and 4A), together with a spoken (Experiment 3B) or written (Experiment 4B) word naming task. For each pair of experiments the subtraction of the naming latencies from the verification tasks for each item per participant was calculated (Experiments 1-4C; e.g. Santiago, Mackay, Palma & Rho, 2000). Results showed that early-acquired items were responded to more quickly than late-acquired ones for all experiments, except for Experiment 3B (spoken word naming) where the AoA effect was shown for only low-frequency words. In addition, the subtraction results for pictorial stimuli demonstrated strong AoA effects. This strengthens the case for the AM hypothesis, also suggesting the AoA effect resides in the connections between representations. Although as many as 75% of the >2 million annual intensive care unit (ICU) survivors experience symptoms of psychological distress that persist for months to years, few therapies exist that target their symptoms and accommodate their unique needs. In response, we developed LIFT, a mobile app-based mindfulness intervention. LIFT reduced distress symptoms more than either a telephone-based mindfulness program or education control in a pilot randomized clinical trial (LIFT1). To describe the methods of a factorial experimental clinical trial (LIFT2) being conducted to aid in the development and implementation of the version of the LIFT intervention that is optimized across domains of effect, feasibility, scalability, and costs. The LIFT2 study is an optimization trial conceptualized as a component of a larger multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) project. The goal of LIFT2 is to use a 2×2×2 factorial experimental trial involving 152 patients to determine the ideal components of the LIFT mobile mindful LIFT mobile mindfulness program for ICU survivors across factors including (1) study introduction by call from a therapist vs. app only, (2) response to persistent or worsening symptoms over time by therapist vs. app only, and (3) high dose vs. learn more low dose. The primary trial outcome is change in depression symptoms 1 month from randomization measured by the PHQ-9 instrument. Secondary outcomes include anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and physical symptoms; measures of feasibility, acceptability, and usability; as well as themes assessed through qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with study participants conducted after follow up completion. We will use general linear models to compare outcomes across the main effects and interactions of the factors. The lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) determination in Lenke type 5 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) requires a thorough understanding and prediction of the correction force on the LIV from coronal, sagittal, and axial plane. Although many LIV selection criteria have been reported, none of them comprehensively evaluated the multidimensional characteristics of the LIV till now. To develop and evaluate our LIV selection criteria in Lenke type 5 AIS patients using pedicle screw system via posterior approach. A retrospective study. All consecutive patients with Lenke 5 curves who were treated with one-stage selective lumbar fusion using complete pedicle screw system in our center from January 2006 to December 2017, with minimum 2-year follow-up. Age, gender and Risser grade, fused levels, operating time, intraoperative blood loss, complications, and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaires outcome were recorded. Coronal, sagittal, and axial parameters were measured from plain radiographsith larger samples are needed to further validate the findings of this study. In the lumbar spine osteoarthritis (LS-OA) population having surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) symptoms, a significant proportion of patients experience limited benefit following the intervention. Thus, identifying contributing factors to this is important. Individuals with OA often have multiple joint symptoms, yet this has received limited attention in this population. Document the occurrence of joint symptoms among patients undergoing surgery for LS-OA, and investigate the influence of these symptoms on disability postsurgery. Prospective study of consecutive patients followed to 12-month postsurgery. Patients undergoing surgery (decompression surgery, with or without fusion) for neurogenic claudication with or without back pain due to LSS with a primary pathology diagnosis of LS-OA. Patient self-reported Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), completed pre- and 12-month postsurgery; and, completed presurgery, age, sex, education, smoking, comorbid conditions, opioid use, short/long-term disability, depression and anxiety symptoms, back and leg pain intensity, presence of spondylolisthesis, procedure, prior spine surgery, and joints with arthritis and "pain/stiffness/swelling most days of the month" indicated on a homunculus (a joint site count was derived).