Water-soluble complexes are desirable for the aqueous detoxification of cyanide. Molybdenum complexes with α-amino acid and disulfide ligands with the formula K[(L)Mo2O2(μ-S)2(S2)] (L = leu (1), met (2), thr (3), and ser (4)) were synthesized in a reaction of [(DMF)3MoO(μ-S)2(S2)] with deprotonated α-amino acids; leu, met, thr, and ser are the carboxylate anions of l-leucine, l-methionine, l-threonine, and l-serine, respectively. Potassium salts of α-amino acids (leu (1a), met (2a), thr (3a), and ser (4a)) were prepared as precursors for complexes 1-4, respectively, by employing a nonaqueous synthesis route. The ligand exchange reaction of [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(DMF)6](I)2 with deprotonated α-amino acids afforded bis-α-amino acid complexes, [(L)2Mo2O2(μ-S)2] (6-8). A tris-α-amino acid complex, [(leu)2Mo2O2(μ-S)2(μ-leu + H)] (5; leu + H is the carboxylate anion of l-leucine with the amine protonated), formed in the reaction with leucine. 5 crystallized from methanol with a third weakly bonded leucine as a bridging bidentate carboxylate. An adduct of 8 with SCN- coordinated, 9, crystallized and was structurally characterized. Complexes 1-4 are air stable and highly water-soluble chiral molecules. Cytotoxicity studies in the A549 cell line gave IC50 values that range from 80 to 400 μM. Cyclic voltammetry traces of 1-8 show solvent-dependent irreversible electrochemical behavior. Complexes 1-4 demonstrated the ability to catalyze the reaction of thiosulfate and cyanide in vitro to exhaustively transform cyanide to thiocyanate in less than 1 h.A novel 2D porous Zr(IV)-based metal-organic framework (USTS-7) was assembled from 2,5-bis[2-(methylthio)ethylthio]terephthalic acid and ZrCl4. USTS-7 retains its stability in water, strong acid, and base; moreover, it is highly luminescent and displays a remarkable selective sensing property toward Cr2O72- in aqueous solution with a very low detection limit.Flavor is an essential quality characteristic of soymilk. (E)-2-Heptenal has a fatty and fruity flavor with the sensory threshold value of 13 μg/L in water. This study demonstrated that the formation of (E)-2-heptenal was independent of the lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) activity as well as oxygen concentration but was related to the presence/absence of Fe2+ and chelators. In a dry matter base, soybean hypocotyls generated a much higher amount of (E)-2-heptenal than cotyledons. A phospholipid hydroperoxide was purified from the chloroform/methanol extract of soybean hypocotyls and was identified as 1-palmitoyl-2-(12-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoyl)-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylethanol-amine (12-PEOOH). The decomposition of 12-PEOOH in the presence of ferrous ions to form (E)-2-heptenal was studied in a model system. The rate of decomposition decreased sharply at pH values higher than 6, but the molar conversion of 12-PEOOH to (E)-2-heptenal increased with an increase of pH. At a constant pH of 5.8, the decomposition rate of 12-PEOOH was positively linearly related to the Fe2+ concentration, while the molar conversion to (E)-2-heptenal was 74% and independent of the Fe2+ concentration. The formation of radicals LOO• and R• showed similar pH and Fe2+ concentration dependence with those of (E)-2-heptenal. (E)-2-Heptenal displayed an enhancement of bean aroma and fruity flavor of soymilk at low concentrations, but a fatty flavor was noticed at high concentrations.Isoleucine dioxygenase (IDO)-catalyzed hydroxylation of isoleucine is a promising method for the synthesis of the diabetic drug (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine [(2S,3R,4S)-4-HIL]. However, the low activity of IDO significantly limits its practical application. In this work, a high-throughput screening method was developed and directed evolution was performed on the IDO from Bacillus subtilis, resulting in a double mutant with improvements in specific activity, protein expression level, and fermentation titer of 3.2-, 2.8-, and 9.4-fold, respectively. l-Isoleucine (228 mM) was completely converted to (2S,3R,4S)-4-HIL by the best variant with a space-time yield of up to 80.8 g L-1 d-1, which is the highest record reported so far. With a further increase of the substrate loading to 1 M, a high conversion of 91% could also be achieved. At last, enzymatic synthesis of (2S,3R,4S)-4-HIL was successfully carried out on a 3 L scale, indicating tremendous potential of the IDO variant I162T/T182N for green and efficient production of (2S,3R,4S)-4-HIL.Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a promising lab-on-a-chip technology which has been applied in a wide variety of fields, including chemical sensing, biological detection, and even mechanical transportation. However, the appearance and functions of current DMF have been limited within two-dimensional planar space because of the conventional fabrication methods, such as photolithography or screen printing. In this paper, we report a DMF system which utilizes the advantage of three-dimensional (3D) printing to develop the novel form factor of electrodes and conversion of channels from planar to 3D forms. Vertical channels have been fabricated through combined 3D printing methods to facilitate stable and controlled movement of water droplets. The interfaces among liquid, gas, and solid were analyzed through Young-Lippmann law. We calculated the actuation force in a series of different configurations to enable us to optimize the system. Inspired by xylem structures in plants, the vertical movement and pumping of droplets are demonstrated by a programmable control system with a built-in boost converter for a real-time operating and portable DMF system. This work validates the promise of 3D printing to make 3D vertical DMF devices and the potential of the artificial xylem chip for micropumping applications.The aim of this study was to assess the soil-water partitioning behavior of a wider range of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) onto soils covering diverse soil properties. The PFASs studied include perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs), fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTSs), nonionic perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FASAs), cyclic PFAS (PFEtCHxS), per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether acids (GenX, ADONA, 9Cl-PF3ONS), and three aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-related zwitterionic PFASs (AmPr-FHxSA, TAmPr-FHxSA, 62 FTSA-PrB). MZ-101 chemical structure Soil-water partitioning coefficients (log Kd values) of the PFASs ranged from less than zero to approximately three, were chain-length-dependent, and were significantly linearly related to molecular weight (MW) for PFASs with MW > 350 g/mol (R2 = 0.94, p 0.5 to 1.5  log units) and zwitterions AmPr- and TAmPr-FHxSA (∼1.5 to 2 log units). Multiple soil properties described sorption of PFASs better than any single property. The effects of soil properties on sorption were different for anionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic PFASs.