In this review we summarize the most recent achievements on aging/senescence, focusing on the biliary and vascular liver system. Conclusion Several findings, in both preclinical animal models and on human liver specimens, converge in supporting the presence of specific aging hallmarks in the diseases involving these hepatic compartments. Trauma and compression are common causes of peripheral neuropathic pain (NP) refractory to conventional medical management (CMM). The role of perineural interventions in relieving this type of pain is unclear. The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the analgesic benefits of adding a combination of perineural local anesthetic and steroids (LA-S) to CMM compared with CMM alone in patients who had moderate-to-severe refractory NP after trauma to the ankle and the foot. Health care records of 60 patients in exposed (3 injections of perineural LA-S at weekly intervals with CMM) and 60 in unexposed (CMM) cohorts were reviewed. ε-poly-L-lysine Data on patient characteristics, pain, and mental and physical function were extracted at baseline and at the postintervention follow-up. Data were analyzed to evaluate analgesic benefit from the study interventions and the impact of baseline characteristics. Perineural LA-S with CMM cohort had lower pain numerical rating scale scores at 1 to 3 months after the intervention as compared to the CMM alone cohort (5.50 [interquartile range 4.00-7.00] and 7.00 [interquartile range 5.00-8.00], respectively; < 0.01). However, multivariable analysis did not show an independent beneficial analgesic effect with the addition of perineural LA-S to CMM compared with CMM alone. A greater severity of preintervention catastrophizing (each unit increase in pain catastrophizing score increased pain score at follow-up by 0.04, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.07) was associated with reduction in the analgesic benefit. Perineural local anesthetic and steroid injections do not confer an analgesic benefit for trauma- or compression-related peripheral NP.Perineural local anesthetic and steroid injections do not confer an analgesic benefit for trauma- or compression-related peripheral NP.Chronic pain is associated with persistent but reversible structural and functional changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This stable yet malleable plasticity implicates epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, as a potential mediator of chronic pain-induced cortical pathology. We previously demonstrated that chronic oral administration of the methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) attenuates long-term peripheral neuropathic pain and alters global frontal cortical DNA methylation. However, the specific genes and pathways associated with the resolution of chronic pain by SAM remain unexplored. To determine the effect of long-term therapeutic exposure to SAM on the DNA methylation of individual genes and pathways in a mouse neuropathic pain model. Male CD-1 mice received spared nerve injury or sham surgery. Three months after injury, animals received SAM (20 mg/kg, oral, 3× a week) or vehicle for 16 weeks followed by epigenome-wide analysis of frontal cortex. Peripheral neuropathic pain was associated with 4000 differentially methylated genomic regions that were enriched in intracellular signaling, cell motility and migration, cytoskeletal structure, and cell adhesion pathways. A third of these differentially methylated regions were reversed by SAM treatment (1415 regions representing 1013 genes). More than 100 genes with known pain-related function were differentially methylated after nerve injury; 29 of these were reversed by SAM treatment including and . These results suggest a role for the epigenome in the maintenance of chronic pain and advance epigenetic modulators such as SAM as a novel approach to treat chronic pain.These results suggest a role for the epigenome in the maintenance of chronic pain and advance epigenetic modulators such as SAM as a novel approach to treat chronic pain.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1021/acsomega.0c02667.].[This corrects the article DOI 10.1021/acsomega.0c02717.].Heterosubstituted disulfides are an understudied class of molecules that have been used in biological studies, but they have not been investigated for their ability to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The synthesis of two sets of chemicals with the diaminodisulfide (NSSN) and dialkoxydisulfide (OSSO) functional groups was reported. These chemicals were synthesized from commercially available sulfur monochloride or a simple disulfur transfer reagent. Both the diaminodisulfide and dialkoxydisulfide functional groups were found to have rapid rates of H2S release in the presence of excess thiol. The release of H2S was complete with 10 min, and the only byproducts were conversion of the thiols into disulfides and the amines or alcohols originally used in the synthesis of the diaminodisulfide or dialkoxydisulfide functional groups. These results will allow the design of H2S releasing chemicals that also release natural, biocompatible alcohols or amines. Chemicals with the diaminodisulfide and dialkoxydisulfide functional groups may find applications in medicine where a controlled, burst release of H2S is needed.Mesoporous silica shells were formed on nonporous spherical silica cores during the sol-gel reaction to elucidate the mechanism for the generation of secondary particles that disturb the efficient growth of mesoporous shells on the cores. Sodium bromide (NaBr) was used as a typical electrolyte for the sol-gel reaction to increase the ionic strength of the reactant solution, which effectively suppressed the generation of secondary particles during the reaction wherein a uniform mesoporous shell was formed on the spherical core. The number of secondary particles (N 2nd) generated at an ethanol/water weight ratio of 0.53 was plotted against the Debye-Hückel parameter κ to quantitatively understand the Debye screening effect on secondary particle generation. Parameter κa, where a is the average radius of the secondary particles finally obtained in the silica coating, expresses the trend in N 2nd at different concentrations of ammonia and NaBr. N 2nd was much lower than that expected theoretically from the variation of secondary particle sizes at a constant Debye-Hückel parameter.