Background Soluble starch synthase IIa (ALK, SSII-3) is the major gene regulating gelatinization temperature (GT) and SSII-3M1 is an effective marker for identifying SSIIa alleles. However, the haplotypes of SSIIa alleles amplified by SSII-3M1, their allelic effects under different Waxy (Wx) in non-glutinous rice remain unclear. Results Through integrating the genetic background analysis and the identification of genotype of Wx and SSIIa, We found SSIIa alleles amplified by SSII-3 M1 were haplotype 1 (G/G/GC, indica-type) and 4 (A/G/TT, japonica-type), which had significant effect at pasting temperature (PaT), hot paste viscosity (HPV) and alkali spreading value (ASV). There was a significant effects of SSIIa alleles on HPV, cool paste viscosity (CPV) and consistency value under different Wx. Apparent amylose content (AAC) of samples significantly affected the accuracy for GT being represented by Manually- determined pasting temperate (PTm). Conclusions SSIIa alleles amplified by SSII-3 M1 are indica-type and japonica-type. Different SSIIa haplotypes significantly affect HPV, CPV, PaT and ASV. GT, PaT and PTm are mainly affected by SSIIa alleles. The classification of all samples with different haplotypes of SSIIa indicates that it is essentially according to their AAC (Wx genotypes). Effects of SSIIa alleles are affected by different Wx alleles. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Epidemiological studies have identified an association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease; however, the nature of this association has been unclear. Recent work suggests that brain colonization by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis may link these two inflammatory and degenerative conditions. Evidence of P. gingivalis infiltration has been detected in autopsy specimens from the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease and in cerebrospinal fluid of individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Gingipains, a class of P. gingivalis proteases, are found in association with neurons, tau tangles, and beta-amyloid in specimens from the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. The brains of mice orally infected with P. gingivalis show evidence of P. gingivalis infiltration, along with various neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Oral administration of gingipain inhibitors to mice with established brain infections decreases the abundance of P. gingivalis DNA in brain and mitigates the neurotoxic effects of P. gingivalis infection. Thus, gingipain inhibition could provide a potential approach to the treatment of both periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Background Metal hypersensitivity reactions (MHR) as a cause of implant-related complications are highly debated and recommendations regarding pre-procedural allergy evaluation vary dramatically. Objective To examine patients referred before or after device implantation and identify factors that can be useful to guide the value of patch testing. Methods Patients who underwent patch testing pre- or post-device implantation between July 2006 and September 2016 were analysed retrospectively. Results A series of 127 patients underwent patch testing; pre-implantation (n = 40) and post-implantation (n = 87). In the pre-implant group, a history of metal allergy demonstrated high sensitivity (0.94; 95% CI0.83-1.00) and negative likelihood ratio (0.17; 95% CI0.02-1.29) for diagnosing MHR. No predictive value could be ascribed to any of the clinical symptoms (e.g., dermatitis, pain, swelling, implant failure, and/or other symptoms) for patients referred following orthopaedic and dental (post-) device implantation. selleckchem Eight patients in the orthopaedic group and six patients in dental group with relevant patch test reactions underwent implant revisions, and seven and five patients improved, respectively. Conclusions Pre-implant patch testing for selected individuals with a history of metal allergy can help guide implant choice. Post-implant patch testing may be helpful in some patients if other causes have been excluded as patients with confirmed MHR benefited with revisions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.COVID-19 was was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) during its 51st situation report on March 11, 2020.[1] One purpose of the report was to advise restructuring of healthcare services by limiting them to urgent or emergent cases in order to reduce pressure on the intensive care units (ICU) of hospitals treating COVID-19-positive patients.Objectives To illustrate dissemination and asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) outbreak. Design Case report. Setting and participants Residents of a 150-bed SNF. Measurements Heat maps generated by the SNF's infection prevention team to track staff and resident symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 test results to identify infection patterns. Results The SNF experienced a severe outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 early in the pandemic. The initial cluster of residents with symptoms and the first confirmed case occurred on the SNF's dementia care unit. The insufficient availability and prolonged turnaround time of testing for both residents and staff at the outset of the outbreak prevented timely and accurate identification and cohorting of cases. Despite extensive other infection control measures being in place, SARS-CoV-2 disseminated widely through the facility within 3 weeks of the first confirmed case, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Conclusion Early, rapid, universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of both SNF residents and staff at the outset of an outbreak and then repeatedly thereafter is critical to mitigate viral transmission. This will become even more important as states relax stay-at-home orders and SNF staff intermingle with communities that are increasingly mobile. Increased testing will inevitably result in more staff testing positive and having to self-quarantine at home, meaning that states must partner with SNFs and other long-term care providers to coordinate and support strategic staffing reserves that can supplement current frontline staff.