AIM To evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Ca(OH)2 paste combined with Ibuprofen or Ciprofloxacin in infected root canals of teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Forty-five patients were randomly divided into three groups using a web programme according to the medication selected Ca(OH)2 1 g Ca(OH)2 powder with 1 mL propylene glycol, Ca(OH)2  + Ibuprofen 50 mg of Ibuprofen was added into 950 mg Ca(OH)2 powder and mixed with 1 mL propylene glycol, Ca(OH)2  + Ciprofloxacin 50 mg of Ciprofloxacin was added into 950 mg Ca(OH)2 powder and mixed with 1 mL propylene glycol. Root canal bacteriological samples were collected before root canal treatment (S1) and after chemo-mechanical procedures (S2). After root canal preparation, the intracanal medicaments were placed into the root canals to a level approximately 1 mm short of the working length using K-files and access cavities were filled temporarily. The participants were scheduled for a second visit 7 days later when the medication waps (0.76 × 102 ) at S3. The percentage reduction from S1 to S3 and from S2 to S3 was significantly greater in the Ca(OH)2 + Ciprofloxacin than the pure Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 + Ibuprofen groups (P  less then  0.05). In the Ca(OH)2  + Ciprofloxacin group, there were significantly fewer positive cases (8/15) than the pure Ca(OH)2 (13/15) and Ca(OH)2  + Ibuprofen (13/15) groups (P  less then  0.05). CONCLUSION The addition of Ciprofloxacin to Ca(OH)2 provided further antibacterial effectiveness when used as an intracanal medicament in vivo during root canal treatment. © 2020 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Although radiofrequency ablation is widely used in the treatment of arrhythmias, its role in septal reduction therapy of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency septal ablation for HOCM. HYPOTHESIS Radiofrequency septal ablation is effective and safe for relieving obstruction and improving exercise capacity in patients with HOCM. METHODS A systematic review of eligible studies that reported outcomes of patients with HOCM who underwent radiofrequency septal ablation was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, ProQuest, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science database. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also performed. RESULTS Eight studies with 91 patients (mean follow-up 11.6 months) were included. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient at rest decreased significantly after radiofrequency septal ablation (pooled reduction -58.8 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI] -64.3 to -53.5). A reduction was also found in the provoked LVOT gradient with a pooled reduction of -97.6 mmHg (95% CI -124.4 to -87.1). NF-κΒ activator 1 molecular weight An improvement of the New York Heart Association classification (mean -1.4; 95% CI -1.6 to -1.2) was found during follow-up. The change in septal thickness was minimal and not statistically significant. Two procedure-related deaths were documented, and complete heart block occurred in eight patients. CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency septal ablation is effective and safe for relieving LVOT obstruction and improving exercise capacity in patients with HOCM. © 2020 The Authors. Clinical Cardiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a device that detects signals from the brain and transforms them into useful commands. Researchers have developed BCIs that utilize different kinds of brain signals. These different BCI systems have differing characteristics such as the amount of training required and the degree to which they are or are not invasive. Much of the research on BCIs to date has involved healthy individuals and evaluation of classification algorithms. Some BCIs have been shown to have potential benefit for users with minimal muscular function resulting from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, there are still several challenges that need to be solved before BCIs can be clinically useful. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Nevus psiloliparus is a rare fatty tissue nevus that is a marker for encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, a neurocutaneous syndrome with ocular and central nervous system anomalies. Clinically, nevus psiloliparus is often described as a congenital alopecia and appears as an irregularly shaped, circumscribed area of alopecia on the scalp. Histopathology demonstrates a near-complete absence of mature hair follicles with preservation of arrector pili muscles and mature adipocytes within the dermis. The pathogenesis of nevus psiloliparus may be related to mosaic mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Herein we report the histopathological features of a nevus psiloliparus in an 11-year-old girl diagnosed from transverse sections, which show "shadow" follicular units characterized by columns of loosely arranged collagen and a relative paucity of elastic fibers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the significance of electromyographic findings in the intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs) of patients with skin biopsy proven small fiber neuropathy (SFN). METHODS This was a single-center retrospective analysis of patients who underwent skin biopsy for intra-epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) measurement and electrodiagnostic (EDX) study for evaluation of polyneuropathy. RESULTS A total of 1416 patents with normal lower extremity EDX studies proximal to the foot were included. Active denervation was seen in 16.1% of IFMs in patients with skin biopsy proven SFN and 4.1% of patients without SFN (P less then .0001). Reinnervation changes without active denervation were observed in 30.4% of SFN patients and 23.8% of patients without SFN (P = .01). IENFD was lower in SFN patients with active denervation in IFMs than without (P less then .0001). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of active denervation in the IFMs can reveal large fiber dysfunction in SFN patients with otherwise normal routine EDX findings.