This study reveals the promise of circCSNK1G3 to be developed as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in the clinic. And the roles of circCSNK1G3 in cancer research deserve further investigation. To explore experiences, preferences and engagement with HIV testing and prevention among urban refugee and displaced adolescents and youth in Kampala, Uganda, with a focus on the role of contextual factors in shaping access and uptake. This qualitative community-based study with urban refugee and displaced youth aged 16-24 living in Kampala's informal settlements involved five focus groups (FG), including two with young women, two with young men, and one with sex workers from March to May 2019. We also conducted five in-depth key informant interviews. We conducted thematic analysis informed by Campbell and Cornish's conceptualisation of material and symbolic contexts. Refugee/displaced youth participants (n=44; mean age 20.25, SD 2.19; men n=17; women n=27) were from the Democratic Republic of Congo (n=29), Rwanda (n=11), Burundi (n=3) and Sudan (n=1). Participant narratives reflected material and symbolic contexts that shaped HIV testing awareness, preferences and uptake. Material contextual factors that presented barriers to HIV testing and prevention engagement included transportation costs to clinics, overcrowded living conditions that limited access to private spaces, low literacy and language barriers. Symbolic contexts that constrained HIV testing engagement included medical mistrust of HIV testing and inequitable gender norms. Religion emerged as an opportunity to connect with refugee communities and to address conservative religious positions on HIV and sexual health. Efforts to increase access and uptake along the HIV testing and prevention cascade can meaningfully engage urban refugee and displaced youth to develop culturally and contextually relevant services to optimise HIV and sexual health outcomes.Efforts to increase access and uptake along the HIV testing and prevention cascade can meaningfully engage urban refugee and displaced youth to develop culturally and contextually relevant services to optimise HIV and sexual health outcomes.The utilisation of maternal healthcare services is a principal indicator to measure the success of any maternal and child health programme. Suboptimal utilisation of maternal healthcare services is a vexatious problem in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India. This study aims to examine the currents status and socioeconomic determinants of antenatal services, skilled birth attendance and post-natal services in four infamous EAG states of India. This study used nationally representative, National Family Health Survey (NFHS, 2015-16) data for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to depict the current status of maternal healthcare services utilisation and a discrete choice model was applied to examine the associated factors across the selected EAG states. The utilisation of maternal health services was higher in Rajasthan followed by Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar respectively. Utilisation was consistently low among the socioeconomically disadvantaged women in all the selected EAG states. The study highlights that female education, mass media exposure, women's autonomy and economic status were significantly associated with the use of maternal healthcare services. The actualisation of our national and Sustainable Development Goals at the ground level is happening relatively slowly in the EAG states. Hence, achieving equitable distribution of resources, universal availability and access to information, counselling and reproductive services coupled with women empowerment are vital to the realisation of these goals.Remote sensing of solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) opens a new window for quantifying a key ecological variable, the terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production (GPP), because of the revealed strong SIF-GPP correlation. However, similar to many other remotely sensed metrics, SIF observations suffer from the sun-sensor geometry effects, which may have important impacts on the SIF-GPP relationship but remain poorly understood. Here we used remotely sensed SIF, globally distributed tower GPP data, and a mechanistic model to provide a systematic analysis. Our results reveal that leaf physiology, canopy structure, and sun-sensor geometries all affect the SIF-GPP relationship. In particular, we found that SIF observations in the sun-tracking hotspot direction can be a better proxy of GPP due to the similar responses of light use efficiency and SIF escaping probability in the hotspot direction to the increasing incoming solar radiation. Such conclusions are supported by a variety of modeling simulations and satellite observations over various plant function types, at different time scales and with satellite observational modes. This study demonstrates the potential and advantage of normalizing SIF observations to the hotspot direction for better global GPP estimations. selleck chemicals This study also demonstrates the great potentials of current and future spaceborne sun-tracking satellite missions for a significant improvement in measuring and monitoring, at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, the changes in terrestrial ecosystem GPP in response to anticipated changes in the Earth's environmental conditions.The past decade has witnessed the publication of many trials in the field of heart failure, several of which have demonstrated that new drugs could potentially reduce major cardiac events and sometimes even decrease total mortality. Most medical practitioners have experimented with withdrawal of the drug under investigation, having no knowledge of what the patient had received, consistent with a blinded design. In some such cases, the patient's clinical status may be rapidly compromised after withdrawal, suggesting (i) that the patient had been receiving the active drug and (ii) that the drug under investigation might exert beneficial effects. The patients should receive early benefit from the drug, but they are left most often without this beneficial treatment not only until the trial results are complete but also until after the guidelines are updated and after the reimbursement (months to years after the results). Here, we propose that the study sponsor should plan from study conception that all participating patients (regardless of whether they are in the placebo or active drug group) will have access to the drug upon trial completion-once safety is verified and until the results are known.