An examination of the relative merits of acetonitrile precipitation and accelerated solvent extraction, two pretreatment methods, was conducted. Furthermore, an in-depth examination of how different extraction parameters, such as extraction duration, temperature regime, and the number of cycles, impacted the results was carried out. Using a systematic approach, the most suitable chromatographic conditions, encompassing the chromatographic column, temperature, and elution procedure, were established. Concurrently, the mass spectrometry parameters, specifically the collision energy and declustering potential of the target compound's ion pairs, were explored. Reliable data were gathered using the best pretreatment methods and detection parameters, as determined through experimental results. For the extraction process, deionized water was the solvent used; blood and urine samples were processed with an accelerated solvent extractor. Centrifugal ultrafiltration and 0.22 μm membrane filtration were applied successively to the supernatant, which was then diluted 50-fold before introduction into the chromatographic column for detection. Utilizing a 150 mmol/L KOH solution as the eluent, an Ion Pac AS20 IC column was employed for isocratic elution. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI-), in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, was used to analyze the effluent after it passed through the suppressor. Under conditions of -150 eV for CE and -200 V for DP, the ion's mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) was observed to span a range from 570 to 770. A quantitative analysis was performed using an externally established standard method. Fluoroacetic acid demonstrated a strong linear correlation within the 0.5-5000 g/L concentration range (r > 0.999), with limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) respectively estimated as 0.014 g/L and 0.047 g/L. Blood and urine recoveries of fluoroacetic acid ranged from 934% to 958% and 962% to 984%, respectively. Intra-day repeatability, measured as RSD, was 8% to 16% for blood and 2% to 10% for urine samples. Conversely, inter-day RSD values for blood and urine varied from 23% to 38% and 39% to 69%, respectively. Further investigation showed the matrix effects of this technique to be relatively weak, exhibiting -74% and -30% reduction in blood and urine samples, respectively. Detection of fluoroacetic acid in the blood and urine samples from the poisoning victim, utilizing the established method, supplied crucial evidence that facilitated the rapid conclusion of the case. cyclosporina inhibitor The method's efficiency was markedly superior to that of conventional detection methods. To conclude, the developed method possesses high sensitivity and good repeatability, proving well-suited for the rapid detection of fluoroacetic acid in both human blood and urine. Furthermore, the method's exemption from derivatization procedures guarantees its simplicity and efficiency.Treated tap water, along with entrainment water and other water bodies, are frequently found to contain halobenzoquinones (HBQs), the newly recognized chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The disinfection by-products generated from the water treatment process, particularly those containing chlorine, chloramine, and chlorine dioxide, are found to be more toxic than regulated DBPs like trihalomethanes and haloacetic acid. Potential bladder cancer development is linked to HBQs, alongside their harmful impact on the nervous system. They can additionally induce genotoxic effects, which can cause oxidative damage to both DNA and protein structures. The anticipated increase in HBQs in aquatic products is a consequence of the substantial rise in public facility disinfection over recent years. Consequently, the design and implementation of a method for accurately and sensitively identifying HBQs in aquatically-sourced products are imperative. A spectrum of analytical methods, including gas chromatography, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, electrochemical methods, liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, permit the determination and measurement of HBQs in water. Our research has, so far, not uncovered any reports on the measurement of HBQ concentrations in aquatic food items. Finally, pretreatment is critical for the determination of HBQ values, because of the intricate matrix effects characteristic of aquatic food sources. A novel method was developed to precisely and accurately determine five HBQs in aquatic products using the QuEChERS extraction method paired with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The QuEChERS procedure's pretreatment conditions, including the extraction solvent and adsorbent types, underwent a thorough optimization process. The sample's extraction process commenced with 10 mL of 10% methanol in acetonitrile, with 0.1% formic acid, followed by dehydration, and finally, centrifugation with a mixture of sodium chloride and anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Using a QuEChERS packing material containing 50 mg of N-propylethylenediamine (PSA), 30 mg of graphitized carbon black (GCB), and 30 mg of neutral alumina (Al2O3), the supernatant was purified. The material was dried with nitrogen, and then concentrated. A Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) was employed for the separation of five HBQs. A gradient elution program using 0.25% acetonitrile formate solution and 0.25% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase was utilized. The separated HBQs were then detected using UPLC-MS/MS with negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Quantitative analysis was undertaken via a matrix-matched external standard method. The five HBQs' rapid separation, completed within 6 minutes, underscores the proposed method's significantly shorter separation time compared with prior studies. The matrix effect was determined using a matrix-matched calibration curve as a standard. 25-dichloro-14-benzoquinone (25-DCBQ) was found to enhance matrix formation, while the remaining HBQs were found to inhibit matrix formation in the experiments. Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) was notably effective in inhibiting processes. Under rigorously controlled experimental conditions, the five HBQs displayed a linear relationship throughout the 10-500 grams per liter range, characterized by correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9992 or higher. The method's sensitivity, as measured by detection limits, ranged from 0.015 to 0.008 grams per kilogram, and the recovery of the target compounds varied between 85.9% and 116.5%. Good reproducibility is indicated by the relative standard deviations observed, which ranged from 14% to 82%. The proposed method's successful application to sample analysis revealed the presence of 26-dichloro-3-methyl-14-benzoquinone (26-DCMBQ) in grass carp specimens. A convenient, sensitive, and accurate method is proposed for the simultaneous quantification of five HBQs in aquatic products. Importantly, the method developed offers a reliable criterion for the repeated monitoring of trace HBQs in food samples.Waterborne disease prevention critically depends on the disinfection of drinking water. Water disinfection, while necessary, frequently results in the formation of disinfection by-products. These by-products are produced by the interplay of disinfectants with organic matter (both naturally occurring and from human activities) and halides, contributing to considerable toxicological and carcinogenic risks. Halobenzoquinones (HBQs), a newly emerging disinfection by-product, have garnered substantial interest due to their high toxicity and elevated detection rates. The accurate assessment of HBQs is essential for advancing research concerning their occurrence, toxicity, and management strategies; however, trace quantities of HBQs are typically found in drinking water. Therefore, meticulous and productive analytical procedures are essential for the determination and quantification of HBQ. This study introduces a method employing solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to quantitatively determine 13 halogenated benzoquinones (HBQs) in drinking water sources, comprising six chlorobenzoquinones, six bromobenzoquinones, and one iodobenzoquinone. Water samples, one liter in volume, were supplemented with 25 milliliters of formic acid, and 500 milliliters of each sample were subsequently collected for further enrichment. Optimization of pretreatment primarily centered on the SPE column, the washing solvent, and the nitrogen purging temperature. Samples were extracted using Plexa SPE columns (200 mg/6 mL), washed with a solution comprising 0.25% formic acid in ultrapure water, combined with a 30% methanol aqueous solution containing 0.25% formic acid. Elution was performed using 6 mL of methanol, which contained 0.25% formic acid, and the process concluded with nitrogen blowing at 30 degrees Celsius. Through comparison of results from two reversed-phase columns (BEH C18 and HSS T3), varied formic acid concentrations within the mobile phase, and the establishment of optimal instrumental settings, the UPLC-MS/MS parameters were fine-tuned. Using a gradient elution technique with a mixture of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as the mobile phase, the separation of 13 HBQs was achieved over 16 minutes on an HSS T3 column (100 mm × 21 mm, 18 m). Through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, the 13 HBQs were detected using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer integrated with a negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) source. Matrix-matched calibration curves were employed to determine the quantity of HBQs, which were strongly impacted by the matrix's inhibitory effects. The good linear relationships displayed by the 13 HBQs were reflected in the results, producing correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.999. Method detection limits (MDLs, defined by a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) were observed to range from 2 to 100 ng/L; the corresponding method quantification limits (MQLs, signal-to-noise ratio of 10) spanned a range from 6 to 330 ng/L. The recoveries of the 13 HBQs at three spiked concentration levels (10, 20, and 50 ng/L) were within the range of 56% to 88%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) were consistently less than or equal to 92%.