To compare the physical development status, level of blood glucose and lipid metabolism in small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) groups with central precocious puberty (CPP). This was a retrospective study. Three hundred and twenty-two girls with CPP were divided into the AGA group (304 cases) and the SGA group (18 cases). Physical index such as height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), as well as sex hormones, adrenal androgens, blood lipid levels, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were compared between the two groups. Height, weight, and BMI in the SGA group were lower than those in the AGA group (P<0.05). The level of LH/FSH, estradiol, testosterone, DHEA and androstenedione had no significant difference between the SGA group and AGA group (P>0.05). The fasting blood glucose, insulin level, HOMA-IR, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the average level of triglycerides were similar between these two groups (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) between the two groups (P<0.05). However, the blood lipids and blood glucose in both groups were within the normal range. The height, weight, BMI, serum cholesterol and LDL of girls in SGA with CPP were significantly lower than that of those girls born AGA.The height, weight, BMI, serum cholesterol and LDL of girls in SGA with CPP were significantly lower than that of those girls born AGA. Bronchial asthma (referred to as asthma in the present study) is the most common chronic airway inflammatory disease in childhood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH) D ] on VDR expression, which is closely associated with asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and explored its role and mechanism in the Rho-kinase signaling pathway. The acute asthma model was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and pertussis bacillus, and ASMCs obtained from asthmatic rats were cultured . These cells were randomly divided into five groups control (N) group, TNF-α (TNF) group, 1,25-(OH) D (VD) group, dexamethasone (DXM) group, and 1,25-(OH) D + DXM (L) group. The protein expression levels of VDR, ROCK, MLC20 and P-MLC20 were detected by western blot, and the mRNA expression levels of VDR, ROCK, MLC20 and P-MLC20 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of ROCK, MLC20 and P-MLC20 in each treatment group were significantly lower, when compared to the TNF group (P<0.05), but this remained stronger than (P<0.05) or similar to (P>0.05) that in the N group. The regulation mechanism of 1,25-(OH) D in alleviating asthma should be correlated to its regulation of the expression of related signaling molecules in the Rho-kinase signaling pathway, and this effect may be achieved by regulating the mRNA and protein expression of the VDR gene.The regulation mechanism of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in alleviating asthma should be correlated to its regulation of the expression of related signaling molecules in the Rho-kinase signaling pathway, and this effect may be achieved by regulating the mRNA and protein expression of the VDR gene. Use of intranasal (IN) dexmedetomidine for procedural sedation has been reported in recent years. Good patient selection is important to ensure high success rates. We aimed to identify factors that influence the successful use of IN dexmedetomidine in non-invasive investigations. All paediatric patients who received IN dexmedetomidine for investigations between 01 July 2019 to 01 July 2020 were included. Baseline demographics, time to reach adequate sedation level, duration of sedation, dose, indications for sedation and need for rescue sedatives were recorded. Procedures were classified into "long" or "short" according to completion time. Tie2 kinase inhibitor 1 cell line Successful sedation was defined by completion of investigations by IN dexmedetomidine alone. Of 105 patients included, median age was 20.0 months, and median weight 11.0 kg. Magnetic resonance imaging (56, 53.3%) was the most common indication. Sixty (57.1%) were successfully sedated using IN dexmedetomidine alone. Automated auditory brainstem response, computerised tomography and mercaptoacetyltriglycine-3 renogram scans had the highest success rate (83.3%, 83.3%, and 100% respectively). On multivariate analysis, short procedures had an adjusted odds ratio of 5.30 (95% CI 1.69-16.61; P=0.004) compared to long procedures. IN dexmedetomidine is effective for procedural sedation for paediatric patients. The most important predictor for sedation success was indication of sedation and duration of procedures.IN dexmedetomidine is effective for procedural sedation for paediatric patients. The most important predictor for sedation success was indication of sedation and duration of procedures. Rate and outcomes of small for gestational age (SGA) infants admitted to Chinese neonatal intensive care units (NICU) has been poorly demonstrated. We aimed to describe the rate and outcomes of SGA preterm infants in Chinese NICU, and to evaluate the association of SGA status with neonatal outcomes in different gestational age (GA) and birth weight percentile groups. This cohort study included all infants born at 26-33 weeks' gestation and admitted to 25 tertiary Chinese NICUs from April 2015 to May 2018. SGA was defined as a birthweight <10th percentile for GA based on the Chinese neonatal birth weight curve. A total of 24,596 infants were included, and 1,867 (7.6%) infants were SGA. SGA infants had significantly higher rates of death or any major morbidity (29.8% 20.5%), mortality (7.0% 4.1%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, 17.6% 9.8%), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, 4.8% 3.2%) and sepsis (7.3% 4.8%) than non-SGA infants. SGA status was independently associated with increased risk of death or any major morbidity [adjusted odds ratio 2.37 (2.08-2.71)] as well as increased risks of death, BPD, ROP, death or BPD, death or ROP, NEC and sepsis. The increased risks of adverse outcomes for SGA infants existed across GA groups. The risks of adverse outcomes were highest among infants with a birthweight <3rd percentile. SGA contributes significantly to adverse neonatal outcomes. Specific attentions are warranted when caring for SGA preterm infants.SGA contributes significantly to adverse neonatal outcomes. Specific attentions are warranted when caring for SGA preterm infants.