Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen was associated with an increased incidence of offspring AD.Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen was associated with an increased incidence of offspring AD.Calf mortality is a major problem affecting cattle production. To identify genetic variants associated with calf mortality in Japanese Black cattle, we evaluated calf mortality as a categorical trait using a threshold model and conducted a GWAS. We identified two SNPs between 32 549 297 and 32 606 924 bp on bovine chromosome 9 that were significantly associated with calf mortality from 61 to 180 days after birth. The SNP showing the highest association was localized at a region 624 bp downstream of exon 4 of the anti-silencing function 1A histone chaperone gene (ASF1A) that promotes DNA damage repair, and the null mice, which exhibit pre- and postnatal lethality. This association was also detected using the breeding value of 334 sires. The frequency of the risk allele in Japanese Black cattle from locations across Japan was 0.013; although the frequency of ASF1A risk allele was low, it is widespread in the Japanese Black cattle population. Thus, it may be necessary to routinely monitor the cattle population for the presence of this allele. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated inflammatory disease with uncertain etiology. Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing biological cargo, being associated with the development of multiple inflammatory diseases. The present study aims to investigate the role of T cell-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis of OLP. Exosomal marker CD63 was detected in OLP lesions by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-three cytokines in T cell-derived exosomes were assessed using luminex xMAP-based assay. MK-125 mw After co-incubating with exosomes, the apoptosis of keratinocytes and the proliferation of Jurkat cells were assessed via flow cytometry and cell counting kit-8 assay, respectively. CD63 was highly expressed in the lymphocyte infiltrated areas of OLP lesions. OLP T cell-derived exosomes contained upregulated interleukin-7, -10, -12, -17 and downregulated interleukin-1β, -5, and interferon-γ. Both exosomes from OLP patients and controls induced the apoptosis of keratinocytes and altered their morphology. Moreover, healthy control-derived exosomes markedly inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells, whereas OLP-derived exosomes exhibited no inhibitory effect. OLP T cell-derived exosomes have an aberrant cytokine profile and could trigger the apoptosis of keratinocytes in vitro, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of OLP.OLP T cell-derived exosomes have an aberrant cytokine profile and could trigger the apoptosis of keratinocytes in vitro, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of OLP. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in children. This study aimed to review characteristics of causative bacteria and effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy in children with febrile UTIs. Clinical records of 108 patients (130 episodes) with febrile UTIs admitted to the Kawasaki Medical School Hospital between July 2009 and October 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The characteristics of the causative bacteria, antibacterial therapy, and therapeutic effect were verified. Patients aged between 0-183 months (median age 3 months) and 73 (67.6%) were males. Sixty-three episodes (48.5%) were diagnosed with complicated UTIs. Forty-seven episodes (36.2%) were observed in patients aged <3 months; 15 of them had complicated UTIs. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most common pathogen, followed by Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Blood cultures were positive in three episodes. Among the 130 episodes, 62 (47.7%) were treated with a combination of ampicillin (ABPC) and third-generation cephalosporins, followed by third-generation cephalosporins (31 episodes, 23.8%) and sulbactam sodium/ampicillin sodium (SBT/ABPC; 15 episodes, 11.5%). In case of uncomplicated/complicated UTIs and patients aged <3 months and ≥3 months, the most common pathogen was E. coli, followed by E. faecalis in each group. There was no difference in therapeutic effects between "combination ABPC and third-generation cephalosporins" and "third-generation cephalosporin monotherapy" administered for the treatment of UTIs caused by E. coli. E. coli is the most common pathogen among pediatric UTIs. For the antibacterial therapy, third-generation cephalosporin monotherapy is effective and may not require combination therapy with ABPC.E. coli is the most common pathogen among pediatric UTIs. For the antibacterial therapy, third-generation cephalosporin monotherapy is effective and may not require combination therapy with ABPC. To describe the need for high school sleep education from the perspective of undergraduate university students. Undergraduate students who completed an online course on sleep and circadian health were surveyed 6months after course completion. Students were asked whether a similar course would have benefited them as high school students, and about the need for sleep education in high schools. Thematic analysis of this qualitative data was carried out. Eighty-nine students who had attended 71 unique high schools provided responses. Eight-one per cent thought they would have benefitted from a similar course during high school and identified domains of sleep knowledge particularly relevant to high school students. They cited environmental barriers to healthy sleep present during high school and believed that sleep education could improve students' lifestyle, sleep and performance. Nineteen per cent of students said they would not have benefited, because they perceived sleeping patterns during high school tong method of promoting sleep and circadian health to high school students.Desmoplastic melanomas are uncommon. Their behaviour differs from that of other melanoma subtypes; therefore, management guidelines for non-desmoplastic melanomas may not be applicable. This review sought to examine all available evidence relating to the behaviour and management of desmoplastic melanomas, based on review of all relevant English-language publications, and to critically assess the recommendations for their management in current published melanoma management guidelines. Compared with other melanoma subtypes, patients with 'pure' desmoplastic melanomas (where ≥90% of the invasive melanoma is of desmoplastic melanoma subtype) have much lower rates of sentinel node positivity and distant metastasis. Local recurrence rates are higher for desmoplastic melanomas, but resection margins wider than those recommended for non-desmoplastic melanomas have not been shown to be of benefit. Adjuvant radiotherapy reduces the risk of local recurrence when a satisfactory histological clearance (≥8 mm) cannot be achieved.