At week 12, increased functioning and decreased impairment were observed with solriamfetol 150 and 300 milligrams (mean difference from placebo [95% confidence interval]) Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire total score (1.22 [0.57, 1.88]) and (1.47 [0.80, 2.13], respectively), overall work impairment (-11.67 [-19.66, -3.69] and -11.75 [-19.93, -3.57], respectively) activity impairment (-10.42 [-16.37, -4.47] and -10.51 [-16.59, -4.43], respectively), physical component summary (2.07 [0.42, 3.72] and 1.91 [0.22, 3.59], respectively), and mental component summary (150 mg only 2.05 [0.14, 3.96]). Inflammation related antagonist Common adverse events were headache, nausea, decreased appetite, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Solriamfetol improved measures of functioning, quality of life, and work productivity in participants with obstructive sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness. Safety was consistent with previous studies. Clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02348606).The Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health convened a Task Force on Zero Tolerance of Harassment and Discrimination in 2019 to develop a policy statement and strategies for addressing harassment of all types in institutions offering public health education. We outline the premises and scholarly foundation for the development of the Statement of Commitment to Zero Tolerance of Harassment and Discrimination, the statement itself, and future plans for realizing the aspiration established in the statement. The development of this living document is predicated on the belief that it is the core responsibility of academic institutions to build the knowledge and that it is the responsibility of leaders, namely deans of schools of public health and directors of public health programs, to lead in building the shared knowledge and insist on the practices that create institutions for a better future free of harassment and discrimination. Our statement is informed by the knowledge that aggressions in the form of harassment and discrimination undermine the health and well-being of individuals, the public, and populations.Phosphate is an essential nutrient for life and is a critical component of bone formation, a major signaling molecule, and structural component of cell walls. Phosphate is also a component of high-energy compounds (i.e. AMP, ADP, and ATP), and essential for nucleic acid helical structure (i.e. RNA and DNA). Phosphate plays a central role in the process of mineralization, normal serum levels being associated with appropriate bone mineralization, while high and low serum levels are associated with soft tissue calcification. The serum concentration of phosphate and the total body content of phosphate are highly regulated, a process that is accomplished by the coordinated effort of two families of sodium-dependent transporter proteins. The three isoforms of the SLC34 family (SLC34A1-A3) show very restricted tissue expression and regulate intestinal absorption and renal excretion of phosphate. SLC34A2 also regulates the phosphate concentration in multiple lumen fluids including milk, saliva, pancreatic fluid, and surfactant. Both isoforms of the SLC20 family exhibit ubiquitous expression (with some variation as to which one or both are expressed), are regulated by ambient phosphate, and likely serve the phosphate needs of the individual cell. These proteins exhibit similarities to phosphate transporters in non-mammalian organisms. The proteins are non-redundant as mutations in each yield unique clinical presentations. Further research is essential to understand the function, regulation, and coordination of the various phosphate transporters, both the ones described in this review and the phosphate transporters involved in intracellular transport.An extensive study of capillary flow of fluids with various viscosities in straight and periodically constricted microchannels with different surface wettability is presented. Capillary filling speed in hydrophilic, less hydrophilic, and hydrophobic microchannels were experimentally monitored and compared with Washburn theoretical model. For all liquids, a linear relationship was found between the square of propagation distance and time, which is expected for Newtonian fluids. Experimental results indicated slower velocity compared to the theoretical prediction due to simplifications of the Washburn model. Capillary filling speed of fluids into long-flurorinated chain silane modified channels confirmed the expected lyophobic nature of the coating (i.e. not favorable for either hydrophilic or hydrophobic liquids). Presence of the precursor film ahead of the three-phase contact line in microscopic level was demonstrated. White light and fluorescent images confirmed the presence of precursor film and capillary evaporation at the interface. Evaporation enhanced the deviation between experimental and theoretical results due to continuous wettability alteration of penetrating fluid.The commonly employed formamidinium (FA)-containing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit a severe phase instability problem, thereby limiting their commercial applications. Here, both phase stability and energy efficiency of FA-based PSCs were improved by treating the perovskite surface with pyrrolidinium hydroiodide (PyI) salts, resulting in a 1D perovskite structure (PyPbI3), stacked on the original 3D perovskite. By employing in situ XRD measurements, we revealed that the temperature-dependent phase transition activation barrier was enhanced after forming the 1D/3D structure, resulting in a prolonged transition time by 30-40-fold. From the first-principle calculations, we found the thermodynamic energy difference between two phases reduced from -0.16 to -0.04 eV after the stacking of 1D PyPbI3, offering additional lifetime improvement. Moreover, the champion 1D/3D bilayer PSC exhibits a boosted power conversion efficiency of 19.62%, versus 18.21% of the control. Such 1D/3D bilayer structure may be employed in PSCs to enhance their phase stability and photovoltaic performance.Chiral diamines are particularly useful as ligands for asymmetric catalysis. In an effort to expand the library of such diamines, the synthesis and resolution of the C2-symmetric diamine 2,7-diazabicyclo[4.4.1]undecane [(-)-1] are reported. Diamine (-)-1 has been prepared in multigram quantities from the known bicyclic diketone 7 in four steps without the need for chromatographic purification. Derivatives of (-)-1, i.e., the bis-methylated diamine (+)-5 and two diastereomeric tricyclic analogs, were evaluated as potential sparteine surrogates. The solid-state structure of the (+)-5-methyllithium complex was obtained. High levels of asymmetric induction were observed while using (+)-5 as a ligand in palladium-mediated asymmetric allylations.