We show that all three methods perform well on our task, and that combining the models through different ensemble methods can improve results, providing increases in recall for the majority class and improving precision for all other classes. We also show the potential of framing ADE extraction from drug labels as a multi-class classification task on the Reason, or type, of ADE. The World Health Organization recommends the use of bedaquiline (BDQ) to formulate efficacious combination regimens against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). This study reports, for the first time, a case series of MDR-TB patients treated with BDQ who experienced sputum culture reconversion due to emergence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections. A multicentre case series was established, including patients who started treatment for laboratory-confirmed MDR-TB between January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020. The study included patients with positive cultures that had no expression of tuberculosis-specific MPT64 protein. Multilocus sequence analysis was used to perform rapid species identification. Susceptibility to BDQ was detected using Thermo Fisher frozen microtiter plates by the laboratory staff at Beijing Chest Hospital. Among the 286 patients receiving BDQ regimens included in this study, the emergence of NTM isolations was reported in nine cases (3.1%). After exposure to BDQ, seven out of these nine patients achieved culture conversion by 4 weeks. The median time for reported NTM infection was 12 weeks (range 4-24 weeks). Of these, seven were rapidly growing mycobacteria, and two were slow growing. The most frequent NTM species was M. abscessus (five isolates), followed by M. fortuitum (two isolates), M. avium (one isolate), and M. intracellulare (one isolate). In addition, three patients showed resistance to BDQ at baseline. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the emergence of novel NTM populations in MDR-TB patients during BDQ therapy. The notably rapid development of NTM infections underlines the need for systematic species identification during the follow-up period.In conclusion, our results demonstrated the emergence of novel NTM populations in MDR-TB patients during BDQ therapy. The notably rapid development of NTM infections underlines the need for systematic species identification during the follow-up period. Historical neglect of pediatric tuberculosis (TB), compounding the absence of a universally effective vaccine, highlights the importance of successful treatment in combating the global epidemic. Furthermore, compliance with international standards of pediatric TB treatment remains unknown in many high-burden, resource-limited settings. In this cross-sectional study, using TB surveillance data, we assessed the treatment outcomes among 853 pediatric TB cases (<15 years old), a study sample that represented all the pediatric TB cases with treatment outcome records in Harare, Zimbabwe during 2013-2017. We also identified factors associated with treatment outcome by multivariate logistic regression. Of these 853 analyzed cases, 57% were either cured or had completed treatment. In a model accounting for confounding variables, hospital center and pretreatment sputum smear were associated with unfavorable treatment outcome. Cases from Beatrice Road Infectious Disease Hospital were four times as likely to have an unfavorable outcome compared with those from Wilkins Infectious Disease Hospital (adjusted odds ration [aOR] 4.0; 95% CI 2.9-5.5). Children whose pretreatment sputum smear was positive were 2.4 times as likely to have an unfavorable outcome as those who were negative (aOR 2.4; 95% CI 1.7-3.6). Pediatric TB case management needs to be improved, especially among those with a positive pretreatment sputum smear. Efforts to address TB treatment outcome disparities between clinical settings in high-burden settings, such as Harare, Zimbabwe, are essential in improving global TB control.Pediatric TB case management needs to be improved, especially among those with a positive pretreatment sputum smear. Efforts to address TB treatment outcome disparities between clinical settings in high-burden settings, such as Harare, Zimbabwe, are essential in improving global TB control. To investigate symptoms of infections and their risk factors among French medical students undertaking an internship abroad. Clinical follow up, and qPCR-based respiratory, gastrointestinal, and vaginal pathogen carriages were prospectively assessed pre-travel and post-travel, in a cohort of medical students departing from Marseille, France. 293 students were included. 63.5%, 35.8%, and 3.6% of students reported gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vaginal symptoms, respectively. The acquisition rate of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Enteropathogenic E. coli was 40.9% and 18.6%, respectively. see more A significant increase was observed for rhinovirus and Streptococcus pneumoniae by comparing the prevalence of pathogens in pre-travel and post-travel samples. Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae acquisition rates were 12.9% and 13.9%, respectively. Being female, primarily traveling to Vietnam, and living in basic accommodation conditions were independent risk factors for reporting respiratory symptoms. Students reporting respiratory symptoms were three times more likely to acquire S. pneumoniae. Traveling primarily to north India and Senegal were independent risk factors for diarrhea. This study makes it possible to identify the leading infectious diseases linked to travel in a group of French medical students undertaking an internship abroad and the risk factors on which to base targeting students for reinforced pre-travel advice.This study makes it possible to identify the leading infectious diseases linked to travel in a group of French medical students undertaking an internship abroad and the risk factors on which to base targeting students for reinforced pre-travel advice.Here, we report the clinical case of a 12-year-old girl presenting with flu-like symptoms, cough, anosmia, ageusia, breathing difficulties, and patchy ground glass opacities on TDM chest scan who turned out to be Coronavirus 229E-infected. This case draws attention to the risk of false COVID-19 diagnosis when over-relying on CT scan imaging.