STUDY DESIGN Mixed-methods survey. INTRODUCTION Elbow stiffness and contractures often develop after trauma. There is a lack of evidence on mobilizing orthoses and the factors guiding orthotic prescription. PURPOSE OF STUDY To investigate hand therapists' orthotic preferences for varying extension and flexion deficits, and describe the factors affecting orthotic choice for post-traumatic elbow contractures. METHODS 103 members responded to the electronic survey via the Australian Hand Therapy Association mailing list. Five post-surgical scenarios were used to gather information regarding orthotic preferences, reasons and orthotic protocol (1) week 8 with 55° extension deficit; (2) week 12 with 30° extension deficit; (3) week 12 with 55° extension deficit; (4) week 8 with flexion limited to 100°; (5) week 12 with limited flexion. RESULTS Most responders (89.9%) used mobilizing orthoses, predominantly for extension (88.5%). Orthotic preferences for scenarios 1 to 5 were (1) serial static (78.3%); (2) custom-made three-point static progressive (38.8%); (3) custom-made turnbuckle static progressive (33.8%); (4) "no orthosis" (27.9%); and (5) custom-made hinged (27.1%) and nonhinged (27.1%) dynamic. Choices were based on "effectiveness," "ease for patients to apply and wear," and "ease of fabrication/previous experience/comfortable with design." The recommended daily dosage for extension was 6 to 12 hour. DISCUSSION This is the first known study that reflects on the use of mobilizing orthoses in post-traumatic elbows in Australia. CONCLUSIONS Mobilizing orthoses are used routinely for post-traumatic elbows in Australia. Extension deficits are managed with serial static and static progressive orthoses at weeks 8 and 12, respectively. Research is needed to assess whether orthotic intervention before 12 weeks is beneficial in reducing contractures. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. INTRODUCTION The Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) evaluate the efficacy of treatment and assess a broad range of hand functions. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the JTHFT and to determine cutoff values. METHODS The test-retest reliability was assessed by determining intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the hypothesis testing validity was assessed by using Spearman rho coefficient, and the receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to determine the cutoff values. We administered JTHFT, Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) and assessed grip strength with Jamar dynamometer. We included 162 healthy participants and 143 patients with hand injuries. RESULTS The JTHFT subtests and total score have a good to excellent test-retest reliability (except lifting large light object for dominant hand-ICC 0.77) for both dominant and nondominant hand (ICCs = 0.84-0.97). SNDX-275 There was a statistically significant, weak positive correlation between the JTHFT total score and DASH-T (r = 0.39, P  less then  .001 for the injured hand; r = 0.35, P  less then  .001 for the uninjured hand) and also statistically significant weak negative correlation between grip strength for injured hand and JTHFT total score for injured hand (r = -0.33; P  less then  .001). The cutoff value of the total score was found to be 37.08 s for injured hand. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION JTHFT is a reliable and valid instrument. Clinicians and researchers may use this test with confidence to assess the dexterity of hand injury patients. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. INTRODUCTION Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common upper extremity conditions which mostly affect women. Management of patients suffering from both CTS and diabetes mellitus (DM) is challenging, and it was suggested that DM might affect the diagnosis as well as the outcome of surgical treatment. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This meta-analysis was aimed to compare the response with CTS surgical treatment in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies comparing the symptomatic, functional, and neurophysiological outcomes between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with CTS. Pooled MDs with 95% CIs were applied to assess the level of outcome improvements. RESULTS Ten articles with 2869 subjects were included. The sensory conduction velocities in the wrist-palm and wrist-middle finger segments showed a significantly better improvement in nondiabetic compared with diabetic patients (MD = -4.31, 95% CI = -5.89 to -2.74, P  less then  .001 and MD = -2.74, 95% CI = -5.32 to -0.16, P = .037, respectively). However, no significant differences were found for the improvement of symptoms severity and functional status based on the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire as well as motor conduction velocities and distal motor latencies. CONCLUSION Metaresults revealed no significant difference in improvements of all various outcomes except sensory conduction velocities after CTS surgery between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. A better diabetic neuropathy care is recommended to achieve better sensory recovery after CTS surgery in diabetic patients. 3D printing is often discussed in the field of hand rehabilitation, yet many hand therapists are unaware of this technology and how it either is used or could potentially be used in rehabilitation. To shed some light on the state of 3D printing in hand rehabilitation, we sought insight from a rehabilitation engineer, occupational therapy educator, clinician, and hospital administrator to provide a comprehensive look at the state of 3D printing today. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. INTRODUCTION The wrist extensor muscles have a fundamental role in the stabilization of the wrist while performing manual activities. However, it is unknown if the clinical signs of hand osteoarthritis (HOA) cause impairment in the activation of these muscles PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate whether early-stage HOA affects the magnitude of activation and coactivation between the wrist extensor and flexor muscles METHODS Thirty-two subjects were divided into two groups control group (n = 16; 55 ± 7.42 years) and a group with HOA grades 2 or 3 (HOAG; n = 16; 57 ± 7.82 years). Muscle activation was measured in m. flexor digitorum superficialis, m. flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) and extensors (EXT) during the evaluation of grip strength and three manual activities (write, cut a paper with scissors, and close and open a bottle). The coactivation index was calculated between the electromyography of the flexors (FCU and FSD) and wrist EXT. RESULTS HOAG presented reduced muscle activation in all tasks, with a statistical difference for the flexor digitorum superficialis and EXT in the scissors activity, and for the FCU in the bottle activity.