In our study, we identified 50 cases and a corresponding 50 controls. From 18 to 38 weeks encompassed the range of gestational ages. No notable divergence in maternal and fetal demographic characteristics existed between the case and control groups. A significant association was observed between umbilical cord accidents and fetal vascular malformations (FVM) in cases, which showed a prevalence of 46%, versus 26% in controls.Patient groups displayed elevated FVM levels in the placenta, unaffected by cause of death (COD), demonstrating a statistically substantial increase when contrasted with control groups (p = 0.037).Fetuses that are stillborn may demonstrate tapering of the DA, a consequence of blockages in the fetal vascular system and related circulatory problems.Circulatory system obstructions within the fetus, potentially causing stillbirth, are often accompanied by tapering of the ductus arteriosus (DA).The lumbar spine is typically the location for the preponderance of intraspinal juxta-facet cysts, whereas cervical spinal involvement is uncommon. While most cervical spinal lesions are discovered unexpectedly, they can sometimes lead to a persistent course of myelopathy or radiculopathy.A previously uncommon case of a hemorrhagic cervical juxta-facet cyst, leading to Brown-Sequard syndrome, is meticulously presented by the authors. A 86-year-old female, experiencing neck pain, exhibited a sudden onset of right-sided paralysis and was hospitalized at the local hospital. Despite a suspected cerebral infarction, antithrombotic therapy was begun, only for quadriplegia to progress two days later. Following a cervical magnetic resonance imaging study, an intraspinal mass was detected at the C4-5 spinal level, prompting her referral to the authors' hospital. Her neurological status, as observed on admission, revealed right Brown-Sequard syndrome. The emergency surgery procedure involved resecting the mass from a posterior position. Examination of the tissue samples uncovered hemosiderin deposition and fibroblast proliferation, indicative of a juxta-facet cyst with blood within the cyst. The patient's remarkable recovery enabled him or her to return to a self-reliant and independent daily life.Occasionally, intraspinal hemorrhage, specifically from a juxta-facet cyst located in the cervical spine, can lead to the development of acute Brown-Sequard syndrome. A hemorrhagic cervical juxta-facet cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis for hemiparesis that arises after experiencing neck pain.In the cervical spine, juxta-facet cysts, although uncommon, can sometimes cause acute Brown-Sequard syndrome via intraspinal bleeding. Given hemiparesis subsequent to neck pain, a hemorrhagic cervical juxta-facet cyst must be included in the list of possible diagnoses.Contralateral lower limb radiculopathy, a possible early complication, may occur following oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in cases of degenerative lumbar disorders. In the constellation of pathologies linked with contralateral radiculopathy resulting from OLIF, the occurrence of extraforaminal disc herniation *during* the actual OLIF procedure is a relatively uncommon phenomenon.A 68-year-old male patient's experience of recurrent lumbar canal stenosis led to OLIF surgery at the L4-5 and L5-6 levels; subsequent to this, he experienced right leg pain and muscle weakness. A 76-year-old female patient in case 2, who received L4-5 OLIF for L4 degenerative spondylolisthesis, experienced right leg pain and numbness following the procedure. In each patient, OLIF cages were inserted within the posterior portion of the disc space, either directly or at an oblique angle, resulting in the compression of the extraforaminal disc material that was pressing on the exiting nerve roots (L5 in case one and L4 in case two) as clearly shown in the magnetic resonance images. The patients' pain and neurological conditions required the surgical decompression procedure alongside discectomy in both cases.Should opposite-limb radiculopathy newly manifest following OLIF, the possibility of extraforaminal disc herniation needs assessment; early diagnostic MRI plays a critical role in identifying the condition and selecting subsequent treatments, including surgical options.Extraforaminal disc herniation stands out as a potential cause of newly developed opposite limb radiculopathy, especially when linked to the OLIF surgical procedure. MRI provides the necessary diagnostic clarity, aiding in the selection of appropriate management strategies, including surgery, if necessary.Internal auditory canal cavernous hemangiomas, an extremely infrequent occurrence, typically display symptoms like vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and facial nerve dysfunction.A fifth-grade, 11-year-old girl underwent a health examination, which disclosed hearing loss in her left ear. Approximately one year's worth of persistent dizziness also troubled her. Her left ear exhibited sensorineural hearing loss, as revealed by pure-tone audiometry. A rightward horizontal and rotatory nystagmus pattern was identified during the examination. The patient did not exhibit facial paralysis. A lesion, which was suspected to be a hemangioma, was present according to magnetic resonance imaging. The authors selected the left suboccipital retrosigmoid approach for their procedure. The cerebellopontine angle exhibited a profusion of berry-like protrusions, indicative of the tumor. The tumor was pierced by the seventh cranial nerve, which then partially traversed the exterior of the tumor, displaying substantial adhesion. To prevent harm to the facial nerve, the authors performed a partial tumor resection. Upon histological examination, a diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma was made.The preferred approach for managing cavernous hemangiomas of the internal auditory canal involves complete surgical removal, although this procedure carries a risk of both hearing impairment and facial nerve paralysis. The amount of surgery that needs to be performed must be ascertained during the course of the operation by weighing the patient's pre-operative symptoms against the potential for post-operative complications.While complete surgical resection is the standard treatment for cavernous hemangioma affecting the internal auditory canal, the possibility of resultant hearing loss and facial nerve palsy must be acknowledged. Determining the appropriate surgical extent requires careful intraoperative evaluation of the interplay between preoperative symptoms and postoperative risks.The superficial layers of the central nervous system exhibit a characteristic deposition of hemosiderin, a hallmark of superficial siderosis. Cases of chronic cerebrospinal fluid blood leakage, often coupled with amyloid angiopathy, a condition frequently associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been documented in patients.We explore two instances of superficial siderosis, showcasing a wide divergence in presenting symptoms and the subsequent course of treatment. The MRI (T2-weighted) for case 1 displayed diffuse superficial siderosis, most evident in the inferior cerebellum, and extending throughout the neuraxis. Hearing loss, spasticity, gait deviations, and urinary incontinence were among his presenting symptoms. Surgical exploration of the thoracic spinal dura led to the discovery of an arteriovenous fistula, which was definitively obliterated. His clinical course, while stabilizing, still presented persistent deficits. Case 2's patient, having a history of Alzheimer's Disease within the family, underwent an MRI aiming to detect memory impairment. This MRI demonstrated superficial siderosis in the left occipital lobe. Despite the lumbar puncture showcasing only traumatic contamination of red blood cells, the analysis of tau protein was indicative of Alzheimer's disease.MRI scans sometimes reveal superficial siderosis, a diagnostic term signifying the presence of two possible underlying pathological states. Concerning case one, the diagnosis should be labeled diffuse superficial siderosis, and for case two, the correct diagnosis is lobar cortical siderosis.Two different pathological states can produce superficial siderosis, a term derived from MRI diagnostic findings. Concerning case 1, the diagnosis should be classified as diffuse superficial siderosis; however, for case 2, the appropriate term is lobar cortical siderosis.Implantable for patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy, the RNS system is an option for those not suitable for surgical removal of a seizure focus. The complete and thorough assessment of potential adverse effects for this new therapeutic modality is ongoing and incomplete. hivprotease signals No prior studies documented cases of cerebral vasospasm occurring subsequent to RNS implantation.The 35-year-old man's bilateral mesial temporal lobe RNS implantation was unfortunately accompanied by severe angiographic and clinical vasospasm. His initial presentation, eight days post-implantation, was indicative of potential status epilepticus. During a clinical evaluation on hospital day three, a noticeable decline prompted the execution of imaging studies. These studies highlighted a stroke in the left middle cerebral artery, demonstrably presenting with angiographic indications of severe vasospasm in the left internal carotid artery, the middle cerebral artery, the anterior cerebral artery, the right internal carotid artery, and the right anterior cerebral artery. Despite the amelioration of angiographic vasospasm after the suitable intervention, a thrombus developed within the posterior M2 branch, consequently necessitating mechanical thrombectomy. The patient's condition ultimately stabilized, permitting discharge to a rehabilitation facility, although their cognitive and motor functions were not fully recovered.Ischemic stroke, a rare but serious complication, can be triggered by cerebral vasospasm following otherwise uneventful RNS implantation. The increasing number of RNS implant recipients warrants particular attention to this potential consequence.A relatively uncommon occurrence, cerebral vasospasm causing ischemic stroke after a seemingly uncomplicated RNS implantation, demands careful consideration due to its potential for severe consequences and the increasing number of patients utilizing RNS.Compared to open surgical procedures, endoscopic decompression for cervical stenotic myelopathy presents a range of advantages.