Central neurocytoma is a rare nervous tissue benign neoplasm. A subset of central neurocytoma has unfamiliar aggressive tendency so-called atypical central neurocytoma (ACN). This retrospective study aims to analyze the prognostic factors and the impact of various therapy tools on atypical central neurocytoma. Twenty-two patients diagnosed with ACN between January 2009 and March 2018 were included. Data collected included the patient's age, gender, tumor location, presenting symptoms, and treatment received. Patients were followed up to detect recurrence and to assess survival. Median overall survival was 57 months, with a 5-year survival of 35%. Better survival was observed for patients <35 years old (66 vs. 47 months; P= 0.061) and patients with gross total resection over subtotal resection or biopsy (76, 45, and 22 months, respectively; P < 0.0001). Patients with a tumor located in the posterior half of the lateral ventricle had better survival, with no statistical significance (P= 0.053). Multivariate analysis showed prognostic significance with the extent of resection (P= 0.000). Progression-free survival ranged from 6 to 82 months, with a median value of 38 months and showed a significant relation with subtotal resection compared with biopsy (P= 0.006). Recurrence was less in patients who received radiotherapy and was statistically significant (P= 0.007). Long-term survival is possible for patients with atypical central neurocytomas treated with surgery and postoperative radiation. Multivariate analysis confirmed that gross total resection was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy reduces tumor recurrence, especially after incomplete surgery.Long-term survival is possible for patients with atypical central neurocytomas treated with surgery and postoperative radiation. Multivariate analysis confirmed that gross total resection was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy reduces tumor recurrence, especially after incomplete surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of preoperative anemia and outcomes after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A retrospective cohort study was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database from 2016 to 2018. All pediatric patients (age 10-18 years) with AIS undergoing PSF were identified. Two cohorts were categorized into anemic and nonanemic cohorts based on age-based and sex-based criteria for anemia. Thirty-day outcomes and readmission rates were evaluated. A total of 4929 patients were identified, of whom 592 (12.0%) were found to have preoperative anemia. The anemic cohort had a greater prevalence of comorbidities and longer operative times. Compared with the nonanemic cohort, the anemic cohort experienced significantly higher rates of perioperative bleed/transfusion (nonanemic, 67.4% vs. anemic, 73.5%; P= 0.004) and required a greater total amount of blood transfused (eoperative anemia may be a risk factor for a greater perioperative bleed/transfusion event and slightly longer length of stay; however, it was not associated with greater 30-day complication and readmission rates in patients with AIS undergoing PSF. Spina bifida disproportionally affects low-and-middle-income countries. We describe myelomeningocele surgical outcomes in Zambia and predictors of postoperative complications and mortality. This 2-center retrospective cohort study includes children who underwent surgical treatment for myelomeningocele in Lusaka, Zambia from 2017 to 2019. Primary outcomes included mortality and 30-day postoperative complications. Seventy-five patients were identified. Median age at first neurosurgical evaluation was 9 days (interquartile range [IQR], 6-21) and at surgery was 21 days (IQR 15-36). Lumbosacral myelomeningocele was most common (73%, n= 54). BMS986020 At first preoperative evaluation, 28% of the neural tube defects were deemed infected (n= 21), and 30% were leaking cerebrospinal fluid (n= 21). Postoperatively, 7% of patients died (n= 5), whereas 31% experienced a complication (n= 23). Most common complications included wound dehiscence (n= 10, 42%) and wound purulence (n= 6, 25%). Median follow-up duration was 41 days common, and complications are a significant predictor of postoperative mortality. Further investigation into preoperative efforts to mitigate risk of postoperative complications and mortality is warranted. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (ANRE) is a rare autoimmune neurologic disorder characterized by encephalitis and a constellational of symptoms, including seizures, psychiatric disturbances, autonomic instability, and respiratory insufficiency. It is caused by the anti-NMDA receptor antibody. The most common etiologies for ANRE include malignancy and infection. Ovarian teratoma is the most commonly associated malignancy. We describe the first reported case to our knowledge of ovarian teratoma causing ANRE resulting in nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), which was terminated with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). This case report provides a temporal correlation suggesting that VNS significantly altered the natural history of this patient's NCSE-ANRE. As more data are collected, and the VNS treatment modality more liberally used to treat NCSE, especially in the situation of ANRE, stronger layers of evidence will emerge to fill the gaps of understanding beyond this case report.This case report provides a temporal correlation suggesting that VNS significantly altered the natural history of this patient's NCSE-ANRE. As more data are collected, and the VNS treatment modality more liberally used to treat NCSE, especially in the situation of ANRE, stronger layers of evidence will emerge to fill the gaps of understanding beyond this case report. To train and validate an algorithm mimicking decision making of experienced surgeons regarding upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) selection in surgical correction of thoracolumbar adult spinal deformity. A retrospective review was conducted of patients with adult spinal deformity who underwent fusion of at least the lumbar spine (UIV > L1 to pelvis) during 2013-2018. Demographic and radiographic data were collected. The sample was stratified into 3 groups training (70%), validation (15%) and performance testing (15%). Using a deep learning algorithm, a neural network model was trained to select between upper thoracic (T1-T6) and lower thoracic (T7-T12) UIV. Parameters used in the deep learning algorithm included demographics, coronal and sagittal preoperative alignment, and postoperative pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch. The study included 143 patients (mean age 63.3 ± 10.6 years, 81.8% women) with moderate to severe deformity (maximum Cobb angle 43° ± 22°; T1 pelvic angle 27° ± 14°; pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch 22° ± 21°).