The TCS group had a lower proportion of obese and overweight individuals, and a higher proportion of underweight individuals, according to both BMI criteria. The tethering level was not associated with the degree of obesity in the tethered group. The mean height, weight, and BMI were lower in the tethered group regardless of the existence of musculoskeletal deformity. Enrollees with a history of TCS were smaller than controls of the same age. Monitoring of health behaviors, including nutrition, diet, and exercise, is warranted for TCS patients.Enrollees with a history of TCS were smaller than controls of the same age. Monitoring of health behaviors, including nutrition, diet, and exercise, is warranted for TCS patients. Aneurysms in the pediatric population are uncommon, requiring a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We report a case of a child with head trauma and delayed diagnosed cerebral aneurysm. A 2-year-old girl was brought to the emergency room with seizures. Head imaging showed acute intraventricular hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and paraclinoid aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery. She had been hospitalized elsewhere 1 month prior for traumatic brain injury after falling to the ground with subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage and good recovery, but without diagnosis of aneurysm. The child was treated with aneurysm embolization and ventriculoperitoneal shunt, being discharged asymptomatic. Most primary intraventricular hemorrhage in pediatric population has identifiable etiology. A high rate of clinical suspicion, associated with a low threshold for vascular neuroimaging studies for children with spontaneous or atypical intracranial hemorrhage allow accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and improved outcome.Most primary intraventricular hemorrhage in pediatric population has identifiable etiology. A high rate of clinical suspicion, associated with a low threshold for vascular neuroimaging studies for children with spontaneous or atypical intracranial hemorrhage allow accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and improved outcome. Aquablation using the AquaBeam system combines real-time image guidance and robotics to enable precise and heat-free removal of prostatic tissue with a high velocity water jet. The aim of this study is to report the outcomes of Aquablation up to 1year in a single centre within the UK employing an athermal approach to haemostasis. Fifty-five consecutive men underwent Aquablation between September 2017 and December 2018 (as part of OPEN WATER trial). Standard Aquablation was performed with the AquaBeam system (PROCEPT BioRobotics) with 2 passes of Aquablation followed by bladder washout with application of continuous bladder irrigation via a catheter on a continuous traction device. Patients were followed up at 3 and 12months. The data were prospectively collected on patient demographics, uroflowmetry, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Male Sexual Health Questionnaire for Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15). The mean age was 64.1 ± 7.9years. Operating time was 26.9 ± 9.2min. Mean prostate volume decreased from 58.2 ± 23.9cc to 33.2 ± 12.9cc (p < 0.0001). There were significant improvements at the 12month follow-up in maximum urinary flow rate (9.9 ± 5.1ml/s vs. 23.9 ± 11.6ml/s), IPSS (21.7 ± 7.4 vs. 6.1 ± 4.2) and quality of life score (4.8 ± 1.1 vs. 1.4 ± 1.4) (p < 0.0001). There was no significant change in IIEF-15 and MSHQ-EjD scores. There were 8 (14.5%) Clavien grade 2 or higher complications. Our single centre experience suggests Aquablation using an entirely athermal approach is a safe cavitating procedure resulting in significant LUTS improvement comparable to standard cavitating procedures with greater preservation of sexual function.Our single centre experience suggests Aquablation using an entirely athermal approach is a safe cavitating procedure resulting in significant LUTS improvement comparable to standard cavitating procedures with greater preservation of sexual function. Rezum is a minimally invasive surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sgi-110.html Current guidelines recommend Rezum for prostates < 80cc, but little data exist describing outcomes in patients with prostates ≥ 80cc. We compare outcomes after Rezum between men with small < 80cc (SP) and large ≥ 80cc prostates (LP). Patients undergoing Rezum between Jan 2017-Feb 2020 were subdivided by prostate volume (< 80, ≥ 80cc). Outcomes were documented pre- and postoperatively. Descriptive analyses of urodynamics data (Qmax, PVR), symptom scores (AUA-SS, SHIM), disease management (medications, catheterization, retreatments), and clinical outcomes were conducted. 36 (17.6%) men had prostates ≥ 80cc (LP mean prostate size 106.8cc). LP men had improved Qmax and PVR postoperatively; those with longitudinal follow-up exhibited improved Qmax, PVR, and AUA-SS. After one year, alpha-blocker usage decreased significantly (LP 94.44-61.11%, p = 0.001, SP 73.96-46.15%, p = 0.001); other medication usage and self-catheterization and nearly two-thirds of patients still needed alpha-blockade. Further efforts should explore the possibility of expanding Rezum's inclusion criteria.The optimal revascularization for in-stent occlusion (ISO) lesions after femoropopliteal (FP) bare-nitinol stenting has not been established. We, therefore, investigated the comparison between drug-coated stent (DCS) implantation and bypass surgery (BSX) for ISO lesions after FP bare-nitinol stenting. This study was a dual-center, observational study from January 2004 to December 2015. A total of 172 ISO lesions were observed, and after excluding 120 ISO lesions, 52 ISO lesions (50 patients; mean age, 71.0 ± 9.2 years; male, 59.6%) after FP bare-nitinol stenting were enrolled. The included patients with clinical symptoms underwent either DCS implantation (n = 28) or BSX (n = 22). The primary endpoint was recurrent in-stent restenosis (ReISR); secondary endpoints were recurrent target lesion revascularization (ReTLR), recurrent occlusion (reocclusion) and major adverse limb events (MALE), and perioperative complications (POCs), respectively. ReISR or reocclusion was defined as ISR or occlusion after TLR. Stent restenosis was defined as a peak systolic velocity ratio (PSVR) > 2.