Of the total sample, 36.2% (n = 75) of patients were considered "asymptomatic" as they didn't present with any soft signs of injury. Vascular soft signs were present in 57% (n = 118) of the patients, soft signs of the airway and the upper gastrointestinal tract were present in 15.9% (n = 33) and 21.3% (n = 44) of the patients respectively. The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of any soft sign to determine injuries which require surgical repair was 97.4% [CI] [86.5-99.5%] and 98.7% [CI] [92.8-99.8%] respectively, with a range of confidence [CI] of 95%. CONCLUSIONS Our study's main findings suggest that patients with neck injuries and no vascular, airway, or gastrointestinal soft sign can be safely managed with a conservative approach. It is important to emphasize the value of the clinical examination since there are many contexts in the modern world where a considerable amount of the population is afflicted by neck trauma and treated under conditions where technological resources are limited.BACKGROUND All retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), must integrate a DNA copy of their genomes into the genome of the infected host cell to replicate. Although integrated retroviral DNA, known as a provirus, can be found at many sites in the host genome, integration is not random. The adaption of linker-mediated PCR (LM-PCR) protocols for high-throughput integration site mapping, using randomly-sheared genomic DNA and Illumina paired-end sequencing, has dramatically increased the number of mapped integration sites. Analysis of samples from human donors has shown that there is clonal expansion of HIV infected cells and that clonal expansion makes an important contribution to HIV persistence. However, analysis of HIV integration sites in samples taken from patients requires extensive PCR amplification and high-throughput sequencing, which makes the methodology prone to certain specific artifacts. RESULTS To address the problems with artifacts, we use a comprehensive approach involving exprmatics pipeline that is able to remove the artifacts that remain.Objectives miR-199a can regulate autophagy, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of miR-199a involved in regulating autophagy in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+)-induced in vitro model of PD.Methods PC12 cells were incubated in MPP+, and the expression levels of miR-199a were bidirectionally regulated via either transfection of an miR-199a mimic or incubation in miR-199a inhibitors. The experimental manipulations were divided into four groups, including the control group, MPP+ group, MPP+ + miR-199a mimic group, and MPP+ + miR-199a inhibitor group. MTT, CCK-8, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and linear correlation analysis were performed to evaluate various experimental indicators.Results At increasing MPP+ concentrations, the following results were found the expression levels of miR-199a, phosphorylated AKT and mTOR proteins expression decreased; the expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), GSK3β, Beclin1, and LC3II increased; PC12 autophagy increased; and cellular viability and survival rates decreased. Transfection of an miR-199a mimic increased miR-199a expression and induced all of the following the expression levels of PTEN, GSK3β, Beclin1, and LC3II decreased; the expression levels of phosphorylated AKT and mTOR proteins expression increased; PC12 autophagy decreased; and cellular viability and survival rates increased.Discussion In this in vitro study, we found that increasing miR-199a expression in PC12 cells reduced protein levels of Beclin1 and LC3II, decreased autophagy, enhanced cellular viability, increased survival rate, and ameliorated MPP+-induced parkinsonian-like cellular pathologies by targeting pro-autophagic pathways and GSK3β to activate PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling.One hundred and twenty-two red wines were analysed for their total tin, total mercury and speciation concentrations. Total Sn and Hg concentrations were in average 4.4 ± 7.2 µg/L and 0.22 ± 0.12 µg/L, respectively. Two GC-ICP-MS methods were developed and validated for speciation purposes one to measure organotin compounds (OTCs) with internal standard correction; the other, to evaluate methylmercury (MeHg+) by isotopic dilution. Methyltins (mainly dimethyltin, but also monomethyltin) were the most abundant OTCs recovered. Methylation seems to occur biotically during the wine making process and not during the bottling time. Therefore, it also seems to be roughly dependent on the geographical origin of the wine. For higher OTCs, monobutyltin was the most regularly found, but dibutyltin and monooctyltin were also detected sometimes. MeHg+ was not recovered in any of the samples investigated, probably due to the low level of Hg. These results suggest that, in terms of these parameters, normal consumption of wine is not a hazard for human health.Background Robot-assisted rehabilitation is an appealing strategy for patients after stroke, as it generates repetitive movements in a consistent, precise, and automated manner.Objective To identify patients who will benefit most from robotic rehabilitation for upper extremity (UE) hemiparesis.MethodsWe used data from our previous randomized clinical trial comparing 6 weeks of robotic therapy (ReoGeo system) plus standard therapy (n=30) with self-guided therapy plus standard therapy (n=26) for sub-acute phase rehabilitation in adults with mild to moderate UE hemiparesis. The outcome measures were three Fugl-Meyer (FMA) motor scores total UE score, proximal UE score, and UE flexor synergy score. Based on pre-therapy UE flexor synergy scores, participants were categorized into mild (10-12 points), moderate (6-9 points), and severe (0-5 points) impairment classes.Results In the robotic group, all outcome measures improved after therapy in patients with moderate or severe impairment. In the self-guided therapy, most outcomes did not improve, regardless of the impairment class. When changes from pre- to post-therapy were compared between robotic and self-guided groups, most outcomes were similar in all impairment classes. 5-FU concentration However, robotic therapy was associated with greater improvement in UE flexor synergy than self-guided therapy in patients with moderate impairment (2.3±1.3 vs. -0.1±2.8, P=0.027).Conclusions Post-strokerobot-assisted rehabilitation, as an adjunct to standard rehabilitation therapy, improved UE function in patients with moderate or severe pre-therapy UE flexor synergy impairment. Adjunct robotic therapy produced greater improvement in UE flexor synergy motor function than adjunct self-guided rehabilitation in patients with moderate pre-therapy impairment.