At a pH of 7, hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 60 mM and ferrous ions at a concentration of 140 mg/L were the ideal conditions for OTC removal. Water-soluble polysaccharides, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) release augmented after Fenton oxidation treatment, whereas proteins and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) release diminished. Three soluble fluorescence components—humic, tryptophan-like, and humic acid-like substances—were detected via fluorescence spectra employing parallel factor analysis, demonstrating reduction exceeding 50% following Fenton oxidation. Twelve intermediates and three degradation pathways of OTC were found in OFRs subjected to the Fenton reaction. Toxicity prediction demonstrated that the comprehensive toxicity of OTC in OFRs was alleviated by means of Fenton oxidation treatment. Beyond that, Fenton oxidation showed a capacity to reduce the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements, as evidenced by the complete removal of tetO, tetG, intI1, and intI2. These results implied that a Fenton oxidation approach could prove useful in eliminating OTC and resistance genes contained within OFRs.Environmental compartments have suffered from a worsening pollution problem originating from oil industries and refineries. Indigenous oil-degrading bacteria were discovered in this study within crude oil originating from an ONGC asset situated in Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India. Using 16S rRNA phylogenetic methods, the identified species were Pseudomonas boreopolis IITR108, Microbacterium schleiferi IITR109, Pseudomonas aeruginosa IITR110, and Bacillus velezensis IITR111. Waste crude oil (3% v/v) supplementation facilitated 80-89% and 71-78% degradation of aliphatic (C8-C40) and aromatic (4-5 ring) hydrocarbons, respectively, in the IITR108, IITR109, IITR110, and IITR111 strains over 45 days. In relation to individual bacterial degradation, the consortium achieves a 932% higher degradation rate for aliphatic hydrocarbons, and an 855% higher rate for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. It was found that the combined use of a consortium led to a decrease in the total aliphatic and aromatic content of crude oil 394470 g/mL and 47050 g/mL to 961775 g/mL and 4586 g/mL, respectively, within a 45-day timeframe. The biodegradation isotherm data supported a first-order kinetic model with a linear correlation observed between time intervals and hydrocarbon concentration. In the case of aliphatic (C8-C40) hydrocarbons, their half-life spanned 200 to 453 hours, and aromatic hydrocarbons had a corresponding half-life of 459 to 714 hours. Efficiently, all bacteria generated catabolic enzymes, including alkane monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and lipase, during the breakdown of crude oil. These findings suggest that the bacterial consortium may prove more effective than other options in the bioremediation and reclamation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated areas.Using Artemia spp., this study reports a novel bioassay to analyze the initial ecological toxicity of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), a pollutant affecting both the natural environment and human health. PM samples, collected in Goiania, Brazil, in 2016, were processed by extraction with ultrapure water and filtration through membranes having pore sizes of 100, 08, and 022 m, which allowed for their use in the bioassays. The analyzed mortality endpoint demonstrated a reduction in rates when applied to membranes with smaller pore sizes. The rates were 15.4%, 47.10%, and 43.9% for pore sizes of 100 nm, 8 nm, and 0.22 nm, respectively. The toxicity of the extract was predominantly influenced by its concentration, but a deviation from this pattern was observed in the sample exhibiting a greater negative particle surface charge, resulting in a diminished attraction to negatively charged cellular membrane surfaces. Subsequently, although the PM concentration was greater in the dry season sample taken in September, there was no statistically significant distinction in the mortality rate compared to the mortality rate observed in the rainy season (December) sample, when comparable physical and chemical properties were considered. This outcome reveals the crucial nature of observing PM toxicities' concentrations, their chemical makeup, and their physical properties. Accordingly, a fresh protocol for assessing the initial toxicity of aerosol extracts has proven to be a practical, readily available, and quick method for tracking possible environmental threats, and making fieldwork more straightforward.A performance analysis was conducted on the removal of Metronidazole (MNZ) and Oxytetracycline (OTC) from wastewater by the synthesized (C, N codoped)-TiO2/g-C3N4 (Graphitic carbon nitride). A sol-gel method was used to create the l-Arginine (C, N codoped)-TiO2 and l-Arginine (C, N codoped)-TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts; the optimal proportion of l-arginineTiO2 and l-arginine/TiO2g-C3N4 was determined through a kinetic study of the photodegradation. Exposing 1% l-arginine-TiO2/g-C3N4 to visible light resulted in the greatest photocatalytic removal rate (0.062 min⁻¹ for MNZ), a rate surpassing those of 1% l-arginine-TiO2 and pure TiO2 by factors of 22 and 124, respectively. l-Arginine (1%)-TiO2/g-C3N4 (11) (co-doped-TCN) emerged as a top-performing photocatalyst based on the results of the following characterization methods: X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Photo-luminescence (PL), and Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to analyze the relationship between co-doped TCN dosage (0.5-10 g/L), simulated wastewater pH (4-10), initial MNZ and OTC concentrations (50-100 mg/L), and irradiation time (30-90 minutes for MNZ, 20-40 minutes for OTC) and the efficacy of antibiotic removal. By means of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the best values for those parameters were determined. Biodegradability analysis of the treated pharmaceutical wastewater revealed high values, with 5-day biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD) ratios of 0.51 and 0.46 for OTC and MNZ, respectively, after 40 and 100 minutes of reaction. upr signals inhibitors Oxygen (O2) is the most significant reactive species in the photodegradation of pollutants, followed by hydroxyl radicals (OH), then hydrogen ions (h+), and lastly singlet oxygen (1O2). Analysis of the effect of inorganic anions indicated a reduction in antibiotic removal rates across all anions, with nitrate (NO3) having the largest influence, followed by chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO42-), hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) for MNZ, and nitrate (NO3) exhibiting the strongest effect again, followed by sulfate (SO42-), chloride (Cl), hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) for OTC. The efficacy of photocatalytic removal increased significantly with the addition of different oxidants, showing a clear hierarchy: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) > potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) > potassium bromate (KBrO3).The decline in marine biodiversity of Latin American coastal ecosystems can be linked to the presence of pollutants. An estuarine system in southern Brazil, home to the Laguna Estuarine System (LES), experienced a threat prompting an investigation into the lasting biological ramifications for resident oysters caused by chronic metal contamination. Comparative analyses reveal species- and size-specific trends in gill and digestive gland biomarker responses (catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase, and protein carbonylation) for Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea gasar. Simultaneously, the concentrations of eight metals (aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc) were determined in soft tissues. Our analyses revealed a descending order of metal levels in both species, with the concentration of zinc (Zn) being the greatest, followed in succession by iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd). The concentrations of metals in the various oyster species were similar, with the exception of copper and aluminum. Biomarker analysis indicated that C. gasar demonstrated higher antioxidant responses, conversely, C. gigas exhibited more elevated biotransformation responses to LES pollutants, with considerable distinctions in the observed effects dependent on the tissue type. Although C. gasar demonstrated significantly higher protein carbonylation, this was not found to be related to metal levels. From an ecotoxicological perspective, our research in Latin American estuaries establishes the presence of metals and biomarkers as biologically important, thereby setting a baseline for future pollution studies. Our final recommendation is the utilization of a suite of biomarkers in *C. gasar* and *C. gigas*, regardless of their weight or size, as sentinel organisms in forthcoming regional biomonitoring studies in southern Brazil.Selenastrum capricornutum's impressive capacity for degrading benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is not mirrored by the identification of associated proteins for this BaP degradation in this microalgae. The monooxygenase and/or dioxygenase pathways have been tentatively proposed as the methods for BaP degradation, so far. To gain deeper insight into this phenomenon, the present study employed S. capricornutum cultures exposed to BaP to determine the molecular weights of proteins present in both the extracellular and intracellular fractions using electrophoresis and UPLC-ESI(+)-TOF MS analysis. BaP treatment resulted in a clear proteomic shift, significantly increasing molecular weights 6-20 kDa, 30 kDa, 45 kDa, and 65 kDa in the cellular fraction; in the liquid medium, a comparable but slightly different pattern of induction was seen for molecular weights 6-20 kDa, 303 kDa, 38-45 kDa, and 55 kDa. Therefore, these proteins might be linked to the process of BaP breakdown. A protein identified as possessing monooxygenase activity and rubredoxins (Rds) has been shown to be linked to BaP degradation. Rubredoxins (Rds), along with the monooxygenase, are hypothesized to participate in electron transfer during the formation of monohydroxylated-BaP metabolites. A dioxygenase system, potentially involved with Rds, can process BaP to produce dihydrodiol-BaP metabolites as a result.