It has been reported that some adverse events (AEs) of enzalutamide (ENZ) occur more frequently in Japanese patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to higher steady-state trough plasma concentrations of ENZ (C ) and its active metabolite (NDE), (C ). Thus, we investigated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of ENZ in Japanese patients with CRPC. Fourteen patients were administered ENZ at a standard dose (160 mg/day) or reduced doses (80 or 120 mg/day). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), AEs, C , and C were examined. A maximum PSA decrement of ≥50% from baseline was achieved in 92% of patients. AEs were few (>20%) and mild. No differences in C and C between other ethnic groups in previous literature and our subjects was observed. ENZ shows adequate efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with CRPC, even if administered at reduced doses in real-world conditions.ENZ shows adequate efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with CRPC, even if administered at reduced doses in real-world conditions. Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor with high antitumor activity in selected neoplasms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in pediatric patients with various types of highly malignant advanced tumors. Ten patients with a median age of 15.1 years were included in the study. The indications for treatment were malignant skin melanoma (n=5), brain tumor (n=2), malignant melanoma of the brain (n=1), Hodgkin lymphoma (n=1) and soft tissue sarcoma (n=1). Complete disease remission was observed in 4 patients. Overall survival at 24 months from diagnosis for the entire group was 0.36. Two patients receiving combination therapy of nivolumab and ipilimumab did not achieve a remission. Adverse events of immunotherapy were observed in 4/10 patients. Nivolumab is a promising option in pediatric advanced malignancies. Treatment with immunotherapy was relatively well tolerated, and emerging side-effects were manageable.Nivolumab is a promising option in pediatric advanced malignancies. Treatment with immunotherapy was relatively well tolerated, and emerging side-effects were manageable. We investigated the relationship between solid component size (SS), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and standardized uptake value (SUVmax) as continuous variables and postoperative clustered circulating tumor cell (C-CTC) detection in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery. C-CTC detection was the main evaluation item, which was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve to calculate areas under the curves (AUCs) for the variables. Additionally, the two-year recurrence-free survival rates (2Y-RFSRs) were analyzed. Among the 84 patients examined, SS, CEA, and SUVmax had AUCs>0.7, and were independent. Their thresholds were 2.1 cm, 7.5 ng/ml, and 2.9, respectively. selleck chemicals The 2Y-RFSR were significantly better in the non-C-CTC group (n=58) and in the group of patients without high levels of these predictors (n=32). SS, CEA level, and SUVmax predicted postoperative CTC detection in pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients.SS, CEA level, and SUVmax predicted postoperative CTC detection in pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients. The accuracy of axillary ultrasound (AUS) with fine-needle aspiration with varying patient body mass index (BMI) is still unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the US features of axillary lymph nodes changes with BMI of patients. A retrospective review was performed involving 144 out of 270 patients with early breast cancer who underwent breast surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Diagnostic efficacy of AUS in preoperative axillary nodal staging was assessed in relation to BMI. Negative predictive values of AUS for the overweight and obese groups were statistically significantly lower compared to the normal/underweight group (p=0.02 and p=0.003, respectively). Additionally, Spearman's correlation coefficient R between BMI and positive sentinel lymph node biopsy was 0.257, suggesting a significantly positive linear relationship between the two variables in the cohort overall. Our results demonstrate how in our cohort the negative predictive value of AUS was significantly influenced by adipose tissue and that the selection of the most suitable instrumental diagnostic technique might contribute to improving heterogeneous results.Our results demonstrate how in our cohort the negative predictive value of AUS was significantly influenced by adipose tissue and that the selection of the most suitable instrumental diagnostic technique might contribute to improving heterogeneous results. Patients requiring re-irradiation for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) may benefit from individualized therapy. This study aimed to identify predictors of survival and contribute to treatment personalization. In 28 patients with recurrent GBM, nine factors were analyzed for associations with survival Main location and type of recurrence, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), age, gender, interval between primary radiotherapy and recurrence, gross total resection (GTR), equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2) of re-irradiation and cumulative EQD2 of primary and re-irradiation. On univariate analyses, GTR (p=0.047), EQD2 ≥30 Gy (p=0.029) and cumulative EQD2 ≥90 Gy (p=0.023) were significantly associated with better survival; frontal location (p=0.119) and KPS 80-100% (p=0.067) showed trends. In multivariate analyses, frontal location (p=0.032) and cumulative EQD2 ≥90 Gy (p=0.038) were significant; KPS 80-100% (p=0.110) and EQD2 ≥30 Gy (p=0.083) showed trends. Predictors of survival after re-irradiation for recurrent GBM were identified that can help when designing personalized treatments. Use of irradiation with EQD2 ≥30 Gy appeared superior to lower doses.Predictors of survival after re-irradiation for recurrent GBM were identified that can help when designing personalized treatments. Use of irradiation with EQD2 ≥30 Gy appeared superior to lower doses. Nivolumab is effective against advanced gastric cancer (AGC) refractory to or in patients intolerant of standard chemotherapy. This study was designed to clarify the impact of cancer cachexia in patients with AGC who received nivolumab. We recruited AGC patients who were treated with nivolumab from October 2017 to December 2019. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without cancer cachexia at the start of nivolumab. Cancer cachexia was defined as weight loss >5%; weight loss >2% and body mass index (BMI) <20; or sarcopenia and BMI <20. Primary endpoints were median overall survival (OS) and median time to treatment failure (TTF), while secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and incidence of adverse events. The study enrolled 44 patients. Median OS and TTF were significantly shorter in patients with cancer cachexia than in those without cancer cachexia (OS 6.6 vs. 2.3 months; HR=2.65; 95%CI=1.28-5.49; p=0.008, TTF 2.6 vs. 1.9 months; HR=2.17; 95%CI=1.09-4.32, p=0.