inant shoulder via palpation indicated this method can be used to assess HT in pitchers. HT assessed by palpation correlated with HT assessed by US. However, the magnitude of side-to-side difference in HT was smaller with palpation compared to US, and the two techniques should not be used interchangeably. Nevertheless, assessment of HT via palpation is a reliable and practical method and its use should be encouraged. Level 3, measurement study.Level 3, measurement study. Ankle instability can be problematic in an active population with multiple risk factors associated with recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine if deficits in weight-bearing and non-weight bearing assessment of hip strength or dynamic balance in lower extremity reaching tasks from flat and inclined surfaces can differentiate subjects classified as controls, ankle sprain copers, or those with chronic, recurrent ankle sprains. Quasiexperimental, Ex post facto. A convenience sample of 60 subjects was classified into control, coper, or chronic ankle sprain groups based on the results of the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability Questionnaire. Subjects were tested for peak force production of their hip extensors, hip abductors, and a composite of hip extension and external rotation while in a standing position using a hand-held dynamometer. Additionally, each subject performed a modified Star Excursion Balance Test in anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial directions from both a flationship between hip extension and weight-bearing hip extension/external rotation strength and the posteromedial and posterolateral reach tasks with correlation coefficients in the range of 0.33 - 0.43. Performance measures of tri-planar, static, isometric hip strength and lower extremity reach in dynamic balance tasks could not differentiate subjects without a history of injury from those subjects with one or more lateral ligamentous ankle sprains. 2b; Ex post facto.2b; Ex post facto. Little is known about the activity of the abdominal internal oblique (IO) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles relative to kinetic chain exercises performed in a standing position. The purpose of this study was to identify the activity of the IO and the LM muscles during weight-bearing exercises. The authors hypothesized that IO and LM muscle activity would vary with lower body positions during the kinetic chain exercises. Nineteen healthy, young, active subjects volunteered to participate. The electromyographic (EMG) activity (via surface EMG) of the abdominal external oblique (EO), IO, and LM muscles on both sides and the rectus femoris and semitendinosus muscles on the dominant side was determined during rhythmical lower body twisting exercise with three lower body positions straight leg (SL), athletic position (AP), dynamic knee extension (DE) at two exercise speeds 150 and 90 beats per min. These were reported as % maximum voluntary contraction. Mean EO, IO, and LM muscle activities were also compared with those of common core stability exercises. IO EMG activity was significantly greater in SL than that of AP (p < 0.05). In contrast, LM EMG activity was significantly greater in the DE position than that of both SL and AP positions (p < 0.05). IO muscle activity could be attenuated by the contraction of lower body extensor muscles during the standing position. Basic Laboratory Study, Level 3b.Basic Laboratory Study, Level 3b. Active straight leg raising (ASLR) is commonly performed to test fundamental movement competency. Head control or positioning can affect the abdominal muscle activity during movements. To investigate whether abdominal muscle activity differs when the head is extended or when deep neck flexor (DNF) muscles are selectively activated during the ASLR. Cross-sectional. Participants were included based on the following criteria 1) age>17 years; 2) no spinal or lower extremity pain in the prior month; 3) the vertical line of the malleolus in an elevated the lower limb resides below the knee joint line of a non-moving lower limb during ASLR and above during a passive straight leg raising in each lower limb; and 4) no history of diagnosed spinal deformities or central nervous system disorders. Participants with > 39% reference voluntary contraction in the sternocleidomastoid muscle during the craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) of 24 mmHg target were excluded from the analyses. Right ASLR was repeated in lective activation of the DNF muscles delayed the onset of RA muscle activity during the ASLR. 4.4. Dual-task assessments can identify changes in postural control during recovery from a concussion. However, developing postural control in children presents a challenge when using adult balance assessments to examine children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of a cognitive dual-task postural control testing protocol among a youth sample with no history of concussion or exposure to head impacts. Reliability pilot study. Testing comprised nine 120 second trials of standing on a force plate collecting data at 250 Hz. Test conditions included no dual-task, counting backwards by 2, counting backwards by 3, listening, and the Stroop test. Subjects completed each test with open and closed eyes, except for the Stroop test. The force plate was used to measure the subjects' center of pressure (COP) trajectory. Nine healthy, youth subjects (average age 11.6 ± 0.5 years) with no history of concussion or exposure to head impacts participated. Reliability was good (>0.6) or excellent (>0.75) for COP speed, sway, and sample entropy measures for several test conditions. The eyes open, no task condition produced the lowest COP measures. No differences were observed between the other dual-task conditions. Given its high measures of reliability, this dual-task protocol might be able to detect postural control changes in concussed youth athletes. 2.2. Dance is a physically demanding activity, with 50-85% of dancers suffering injury during a single performance season. The majority of dancers' injuries are in the lower extremity (LE) and chronic in nature. These injuries often arise when causal factors are not identified early and addressed before they ultimately result in an injury. Practitioners often use movement screens such as the Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) to detect and quantify kinetic chain dysfunction. PBIT Prior researchers have suggested that these screens can stratify at-risk individuals and allow practitioners to devise targeted interventions to reduce their injury risk. However, whether the FMS™ can identify at-risk dancers remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether FMS™ scores predicted injury risk in collegiate dancers. In this prospective study, 43 collegiate dance majors (34 female, 9 male; 18.3 ± 0.7yrs; 163.9 ± 7.3cm; 60.8 ± 8.1kg) in a program which emphasizes modern dance were scored on the seven FMS™ movements (scale 0-3, total maximum score=21) where 3=movement completed without compensation, 2=movement completed, but with compensation(s), 1=unable to complete movement, 0=pain during movement or during clearing tests as described in prior literature at the start of the academic year.