Aim We aimed to investigate whether maternal malnutrition during gestation/lactation induces long-lasting changes on inflammation, lipid metabolism and endocannabinoid signaling in the adult offspring hypothalamus and the role of hypothalamic astrocytes in these changes. Methods We analyzed the effects of a free-choice hypercaloric palatable diet (P) during (pre)gestation, lactation and/or post-weaning on inflammation, lipid metabolism and endogenous cannabinoid signaling in the adult offspring hypothalamus. We also evaluated the response of primary hypothalamic astrocytes to palmitic acid and anandamide. Results Postnatal exposure to a P diet induced factors involved in hypothalamic inflammation (Tnfa and Il6) and gliosis (Gfap, vimentin and Iba1) in adult offspring, being more significant in females. In contrast, maternal P diet reduced factors involved in astrogliosis (vimentin), fatty acid oxidation (Cpt1a) and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis (Scd1). These changes were accompanied by an increase in the expression of the genes for the cannabinoid receptor (Cnr1) and Nape-pld, an enzyme involved in endocannabinoid synthesis, in females and a decrease in the endocannabinoid degradation enzyme Faah in males. These changes suggest that the maternal P diet results in sex-specific alterations in hypothalamic endocannabinoid signaling and lipid metabolism. This hypothesis was tested in hypothalamic astrocyte cultures, where palmitic acid (PA) and the polyunsaturated fatty acid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide or AEA) were found to induce similar changes in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and lipid metabolism. Conclusion These results stress the importance of both maternal diet and sex in long term metabolic programming and suggest a possible role of hypothalamic astrocytes in this process.Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows (n = 10/group) control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p less then 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p less then 0.01 and p less then 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p less then 0.01 and p less then 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p less then 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p less then 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p less then 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p less then 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p less then 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p less then 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p less then 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain. Major depressive disorder is a debilitating and recurrent psychiatric disorder. Blueberries have several biological properties, including neuroprotective effects, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blueberry extract on depressive-like behavior and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurochemical changes. Mice were pretreated with vehicle, fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or blueberry extract (100 or 200 mg/kg) intragastrically for seven days before intraperitoneal LPS (0.83 mg/kg) injection. Twenty-four hours after LPS administration, mice were submitted to behavioral tests. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory parameters were evaluated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Our data showed that blueberry extract or fluoxetine treatment protected against LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in tail suspension and splash tests ( < 0.05), without changes in locomotor activity ( > 0.05). LPS induced an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species ( < 0.001), nitrite ( < 0.05) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( < 0.01), as well as a reduction in total sulfhydryl content ( < 0.05) and catalase activity ( < 0.05) in brain structures; blueberry extract restored these alterations ( < 0.05). In addition, blueberry extract attenuated the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels induced by LPS administration ( < 0.05). This study showed that blueberry extract exerted antidepressant-like effects, protected the brain against oxidative damage, and modulated TNF-α levels induced by LPS.This study showed that blueberry extract exerted antidepressant-like effects, protected the brain against oxidative damage, and modulated TNF-α levels induced by LPS. The aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (TXA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Potential academic articles were identified from the Cochrane Library, Springer, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases from inception to December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs involving EACA and TXA in THA or TKA were included. Selleckchem 2,2,2-Tribromoethanol Pooled data were analyzed using RevMan 5.1. Three RCTs and three non-RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The present meta-analysis reveals that EACA is associated with significantly more blood loss than TXA. No significant differences were identified in terms of blood transfusion rate, transfusion units, hemoglobin (Hb) level at discharge, operation time, length of hospital stay, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), or 30-day readmission. Compared with TXA, EACA led to more blood loss in patients undergoing THA or TKA. However, there was no significant difference in the blood transfusion rate, transfusion units, Hb level at discharge, operation time, length of hospital stay, DVT, or 30-day readmission between groups.