An electrochemical membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (EMABR) was developed for removing sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) from contaminated water. The exertion of electric field greatly enhanced the degradation of SMX and TMP in the EMABR (~60%) compared to membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR, less then 10%), due to the synergistic effects of the electro-oxidation (the generation of reactive oxygen species) and biological degradation. Microbial community analyses demonstrated that the EMABR enriched the genus of Xanthobacter, which was potentially capable of degrading aromatic intermediates. Moreover, the EMABR had a lower relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (0.23) compared to the MABR (0.56), suggesting the suppression of ARGs in the EMABR. 4-Hydroxytamoxifen order Further, the SMX and TMP degradation pathways were proposed based on the detection of key intermediate products. This study demonstrated the potential of EMABR as an effective technology for removing antibiotics from micro-polluted surface water and suppressing the development of ARGs.In this study, torrefaction under mechanical pressure of 10-70 MPa at 250 °C was proposed as a pretreatment method and its effect on pyrolysis behaviours of Leucaena (LC) was examined at 900 °C. It was found that the mechanical pressure applied during torrefaction could significantly increase the char yield at 900 °C. The char yield increased from 18.7% for Raw to 26.4% and 27.5% for MP40 and MP70, respectively. The %C of biochar prepared from MP40 (MP40-900) was 86.5%, whereas the %C of biochar prepared from raw (Raw-900) was 82.6%. From TG-MS analyses during the pyrolysis of MP, a large amount of oxygen was removed as H2O and CO2. The analyses of tars produced from MP showed higher fraction of acids and furans compared with tar produced from Raw. Furthermore, the mechanism of the pyrolysis of LC torrefied under mechanical pressure was discussed.The aim of this study was to use metagenomics to investigate how Illite/smectite clay (I/S) affected Auxiliary Activities (AA1, AA2, AA3) thereby enhancing lignin decomposition and humification. Metagenomics analysis illustrated that the abundances of AA1, AA2, AA3 in test group (TG) with 10% I/S were 28.98%, 15.18%, 14.36% higher than that in reference group (RG), respectively. Meanwhile, I/S greatly boosted the efficiency of lignin degradation (17.96%) and humus formation (7.16%) compared with RG (13.10%, 3.49%). Furthermore, Actinobacteria was the microorganism with the greatest contribution in RG and TG to secreting AA1 (41.12%, 57.37%), AA2 (62.42%, 65.28%), AA3 (47.04%, 55.47%). Redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that I/S could make the laccase encoding gene-AA1 contribute more to HS formation relative to AA2 and AA3. In conclusion, applying I/S in cattle manure composting effectively improved the abundance, bioavailability of lignin degradation functional gene enzymes and the composting efficiency.Anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste is widely accepted as a promising technology for both waste disposal and resource recovery. With the advancing of AD technology, to exploit the capacity of organic waste for maximum energy/resource recovery becomes the new focus and hence, improve the viability of this technology for practical application. Product inhibition and mass transfer are the common limitations encountered during AD of putrescible organic waste. Biochar materials have been widely used to promote AD process in recent years. This review summarizes the mechanism and regulation strategies of biochar and its modified derivatives in promoting AD of solid waste (mainly food waste) from the three aspects of hydrolysis, syntrophic acetogenesis, and methane production. At the same time, the relationship between carbon materials and electron transfer among anaerobic microbes is summarized from the perspective of microbial community. In addition, the market application of this technology was evaluated.This study evaluated the feasibility of phenol degradation in microbial fuel cell (MFC) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupling system, and explored the mechanism of MBR membrane fouling. Four aspects were researched in open and closed circuit conditions the degradation capacity of the coupling system, the increase of trans-membrane pressure (TMP), and the adhesion of phenol degradation products and microorganisms on the membrane. The results showed that the degradation of phenol and COD in the closed circuit coupling system was higher than that in the open circuit. The micro-electric field can inhibit the growth of TMP and keep dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane away from the membrane, meanwhile can also reduce the abundance and species diversity of microorganisms. Nevertheless, the micro-electric field could not completely eliminate the membrane fouling due to the fact that the phenol degradation product of ethanethiol, microorganisms of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were more favorable on the membrane.The present study investigated the effect of alkali and biochar addition for simultaneous increment of hydrolysis and syntropy for higher methane yield from pearl millet straw (PMS) in solid state anaerobic digestion. A taguchi based design of experiment was coupled with grey relation analysis for multiple output optimization. Study showed that 0.5 g (g/100 g PMS) of alkali and 10 g/L of biochar was the optimised dosing. Statistically, contribution of biochar and alkali was 48 and 21% respectively on the multiple output. The confirmation test revealed that hydrolysis rate constant, k and total volatile fatty acid/alkalinity ratio for reactor having optimised conditions was 0.0521 d-1 and 0.36 while for control, it was 0.0595 d-1 and 0.76 respectively. Techno-economic assessment showed US$ 25,652 of net present value and 11.29% of internal rate of return. Sensitivity analysis showed that capital expenditure and methane yield was most sensitive to net present value.This study explored the interrelationship between nano-TiO2 addition and photo-fermentative hydrogen production (PFHP) of corn straw. The maximum cumulative hydrogen volume (CHV) was up to 688.8 mL under the optimal photo-fermentative process conditions with nano-TiO2 addition of 300 mg/L. Initial pH and interaction between substrate concentration and light intensity had highly significant effects on PFHP of corn straw with nano-TiO2 addition. With the improvement of CHV, nano-TiO2 addition decreased the optimal initial pH and substrate concentration for PFHP of corn straw. Moreover, nano-TiO2 addition promoted the metabolism of butyric acid and acetic acid by photosynthetic bacteria HAU-M1, and significantly reduced the total concentration of intermediate byproducts during hydrogen production to a low level of 1.6-2.5 g/L, thus making the CHV, maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) and average hydrogen content (HC) increased by 32.6%, 27.9% and 8.3% respectively over the control without nano-TiO2 addition.