Future risk-adjustment strategies incorporating encounter-level information may make comparisons of antimicrobial use more meaningful for hospital antimicrobial stewardship assessments.Models using variables derived from electronic health records identified antimicrobial exposure accurately. Future risk-adjustment strategies incorporating encounter-level information may make comparisons of antimicrobial use more meaningful for hospital antimicrobial stewardship assessments. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer therapy may put patients at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality. The impacts of proposed alternatives on reducing infection risk are unknown. To investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with the risks and benefits of standard radiation therapy (RT). This comparative effectiveness study used estimated individual patient-level data extracted from published Kaplan-Meier survival figures from 8 randomized clinical trials across oncology from 1993 to 2014 that evaluated the inclusion of RT or compared different RT fractionation regimens. Included trials were Dutch TME and TROG 01.04 examining rectal cancer; CALGB 9343, OCOG hypofractionation trial, FAST-Forward, and NSABP B-39 examining early stage breast cancer, and CHHiP and HYPO-RT-PC examining prostate cancer. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality associated with receipt of RT in the treatment arms were simulated and trials were reanalyzed. Data were analyzed between April 1, 2020, and June 30, supports the continued delivery of standard evidence-based care with appropriate precautions against COVID-19.In this comparative effectiveness study of data from 8 clinical trials of patients receiving radiation therapy to simulate COVID-19 risk and mortality rates, treatment modification was not associated with altered risk from COVID-19 in lower-risk scenarios and was only associated with decreased mortality in very high COVID-19-risk scenarios. This model, which can be adapted to dynamic changes in COVID-19 risk, provides a flexible, quantitative approach to assess the potential impact of treatment modifications and supports the continued delivery of standard evidence-based care with appropriate precautions against COVID-19. When confronted with new medical symptoms, many people turn to the internet to understand why they are ill as well as whether and where they should get care. Such searches may be harmful because they may facilitate misdiagnosis and inappropriate triage. To empirically measure the association of an internet search for health information with diagnosis, triage, and anxiety by laypeople. This survey study used a nationally representative sample of US adults who were recruited through an online platform between April 1, 2019, and April 15, 2019. A total of 48 validated case vignettes of both common (eg, viral illness) and severe (eg, heart attack) conditions were used. check details Participants were asked to relay their diagnosis, triage, and anxiety regarding 1 of these cases before and after searching the internet for health information. Short, validated case vignettes written at or below the sixth-grade reading level randomly assigned to participants. Correct diagnosis, correct triage, and flipping (changing) or than those aged <30 years; P = .02), women (9.4 [95% CI, 6.8-12.0] percentage points better than men; P < .001), and those with perceived poor health status (16.3 [95% CI, 6.9-25.6] percentage points better than those with excellent status; P = .001) and with more than 2 chronic diseases (6.8 [95% CI, 1.5-12.1] percentage points better than those with 0 conditions; P = .01). This study found that an internet search for health information was associated with small increases in diagnostic accuracy but not with triage accuracy.This study found that an internet search for health information was associated with small increases in diagnostic accuracy but not with triage accuracy. The prevalence and attributes of positive outcomes (or doing well) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in midchildhood are not well known. To estimate the prevalence of doing well according to metrics of proficiency and growth and to investigate the extent to which significant associations exist between child- and family-level variables and doing well. This longitudinal cohort study included children with ASD from regional clinics across Canada. Participants were sampled 3 times between ages 2 and 4.9 years (T1) and twice in follow-up into middle childhood (T2). Data were analyzed March 2018 through January 2020. Language and IQ assessments at first sample; household income, parent coping, and family functioning. Key outcome domains of developmental health included measures of socialization, communication, independent living skills, and measures of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Thresholds for doing well in these domains by either proficiency or growth were established. Thth [178 participants] β = -1.03; OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16-0.79; P = .01). This cohort study found that a substantial proportion of children with ASD were doing well by middle childhood in at least 1 key domain of developmental health, and that doing well was possible even in the context of continuing to meet criteria for ASD. These results support a strengths-based approach to treatment planning that should include robust support for families to increase the potential likelihood of doing well later in life.This cohort study found that a substantial proportion of children with ASD were doing well by middle childhood in at least 1 key domain of developmental health, and that doing well was possible even in the context of continuing to meet criteria for ASD. These results support a strengths-based approach to treatment planning that should include robust support for families to increase the potential likelihood of doing well later in life. Pain is a common complaint in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and it is often inadequately assessed and inappropriately treated. The study goal was to preliminarily evaluate pain management in MHD patients. The study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013-2015. A sample of 277 MHD patients who reported pain within the last 24 hours from five hospital hemodialysis units in Israel were interviewed and evaluated. Study tools included the Brief Pain Inventory, the Pain Management Index (PMI), demographic and clinical characteristics. Pharmacy computerized data were reviewed to identify the type of analgesics used. Mean pain level was 7.2 ± 2.2 (median 8). Pain level was mild in 17 (6.1%), moderate in 120 (43.3%) and severe in 140 (50.5%) of patients. Only 185 participants (66.8%) were treated with analgesics during the year prior to the interview. Of these, 99 (53.5%) received opioids. Using the PMI to preliminarily assess the appropriateness of the treatment, 214 (77.3%) of patients with pain in the last 24 hours were undertreated, and 52 patients (18.