assistance to leverage their ability to build a comprehensive policy and programmatic infrastructure.Background Racial discrimination is one of many barriers experienced by African Americans that interfere with health self-care management. Discrimination stress may decrease the tendency for individuals to resonate with the social-emotional appeals embedded in persuasive health information, which are known to play a key role in producing behavior change. Understanding the neurobehavioral underpinnings of discrimination stress experienced by African Americans may help reduce or resolve this important health disparity. Objectives The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the association between neural processing of health information and perceived discrimination. In particular, we focused on three previously identified measures of health-information processing associated with distinct brain areas analytic network; empathy network; and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Method Data were obtained from 24 African Americans enrolled in a blood pressure self-care management study. Participants completed surveys assessing racial discrimination and global stress, as well as a 40 min functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol used to measure neural activation associated with processing different types of health information. Results Discrimination stress was significantly related to reduced activation of the empathy network and vmPFC, whereas there was a nonsignificant positive relationship with activity in the analytic network. Discussion Uncovering associations between patient experiences, such as racial discrimination, and their neural processing of health information can lead to the development of tailored health messages and self-care management interventions. This may inform strategies to close the gap on health outcomes.Background Family caregivers contribute to engagement in treatment and adherence, reduced substance misuse and relapse, and increased well-being of recipients with substance use disorder. However, providing care has also been associated with negative emotional and physical health outcomes for caregivers. The purpose of this integrative review was to determine what instruments are used to measure caregiver burden in informal caregivers of individuals with substance use disorder. Methods An integrative review framework by was applied to examine empirical and theoretical literature to answer the guiding research question, "How is caregiver burden measured in caregivers of individuals with substance use disorder?" PubMed, CINAHL, and APA PsychINFO were searched using a combination of search terms. The initial 1,198 articles were narrowed to 32 that fit the search criteria and purpose of the review. Results A variety of scales have been used to measure caregiver burden. Caregiver burden is operationalized as objecective factors could help nurses to develop prevention strategies and treatment interventions aimed at decreasing the psychosocial trauma and stress associated with caregiver burden.Background Very low birth weight infants (VLBW) are at elevated risk for behavioral problems as early as the second year of life. The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate the adaptation and acceptability of an existing digitally delivered behavioral parent training (BPT) program-the ezParent program, with the addition of weekly coaching calls-for parents of former VLBW infants in their second year of life. Objectives To assess the adaptation of ezParent for this population, we assessed parent access and use of ezParent and coaching calls; parent learning of strategies from ezParent; and changes in parenting practices or child behavior after using ezParent plus coaching calls. For acceptability, we assessed if parents viewed ezParent content as applicable to their experiences of parenting a former VLBW infant and how parents viewed coaching calls. Methods Ten parents of VLBW infants (20 months age adjusted for prematurity) were recruited from a neonatal intensive care follow-up clinic. Selleck GSK1059615 Parents coment and assessing knowledge and supporting accountability for program participation. Discussion ezParent with coaching calls is a feasible method of delivering BPT to parents of former VLBW infants in their second year of life. Coaching calls have high potential to be a low-cost, time-efficient component of digitally delivered programs that would allow for rapid integration into clinical practice.Background People with type 2 diabetes frequently report increased fatigue and sleep disturbance. These symptoms might put them at a higher risk for unhealthy eating behavior-detrimental to diabetes control. Objectives To examine the effect of fatigue and sleep on eating behavior in people with type 2 diabetes by using a daily diary approach. Methods Data from 56 patients were collected during a baseline interview and an 8-day ambulatory assessment period in the free-living setting. Each day, participants completed one diary upon awakening to assess their sleep duration and sleep quality during the previous night and morning fatigue. They also completed one diary before going to bed to assess their eating behavior during the day (e.g., uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraint, emotional eating, and snacking). Data from 7 days were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results During the 7 days, controlling for age, gender, and BMI, between-person fatigue was a significant predictor of uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and snacking. Similarly, controlling for the covariates, between-person sleep quality was a significant predictor of uncontrolled eating and emotional eating. No associations were found between sleep duration and eating behavior. Discussions At the between-person level, reporting higher fatigue or poorer sleep quality were associated with higher levels of unhealthy eating behavior. Type 2 diabetes patients with high fatigue or poor sleep quality may require additional attention to support their healthy eating.Background Inflammation may be an important predictor of long-term neurodevelopment in preterm infants. The identification of specific inflammatory biomarkers that predict outcomes is an important research goal. Objectives The purpose of this analysis was to identify associations between an early measure of inflammation and neurodevelopment in very preterm infants and to identify differences in the relationship between inflammation and neurodevelopment based on infant sex and race. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of a caregiving intervention for preterm infants born less than 33 weeks post-menstrual age. Plasma was collected with a clinically-indicated lab draw by neonatal intensive care unit nurses and analyzed by multiplex assay for cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Neurobehavior was assessed by research nurses at the time of discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit using the motor development and vigor and alertness/orientation clusters from the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant.