75-8.25] vs naive rats 17.5 [15.5-18]), 2 (median, interquartile 13 [11.25-13.25], < 0.001 vs naive rats 17 [17-18], = 0.001), and 3 (median, interquartile 14.5 [13.5-16] vs naive rats 17 [15.75-18], < 0.02). Surgery promoted a significant increase in the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, but it reduced levels of interleukin-12p70 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Lipoxin B4 and 13-HODE were significantly higher in laparotomized rats. Aspirin + eicosapentaenoic acid substantially improved recovery scores and modulated the postsurgical inflammatory response. Our novel rat model can be used to study mechanisms governing surgical recovery in rats.Our novel rat model can be used to study mechanisms governing surgical recovery in rats. Slow brushing over the skin activates C-tactile nerve fibers that transmit pleasant tactile experiences in healthy subjects, leading to an inverted U-shaped velocity dependence of ratings C-tactile optimal stroking stimulations are rated as more pleasant than slower or faster stimulations. Chronic pain diseases such as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and complex regional pain syndrome show altered C-fiber innervation density, sensory loss, and pain sensitization. We aimed to investigate whether C-tactile function is affected in painful conditions. We assessed psychophysically C-tactile function and sensory perception thresholds in 16 patients with PHN, 19 patients with complex regional pain syndrome, and 22 healthy controls. Assessment of C-tactile function showed a significantly altered perceived pleasantness of CT stimulation between healthy controls and patients with chronic pain. In specific, tactile stimulation was perceived less pleasant on the affected and contralateral side when compared with controls. In patients with PHN, velocity-dependent pleasantness ratings could not be obtained, suggesting highly impaired C-tactile function with functional loss of pleasant touch perception. In conclusion, this is the first report of impaired C-tactile function in patients with PHN. Reduced pleasantness resulting from gentle touch can reflect defective C-fiber function or result from central nervous system effects in a chronic pain state.In conclusion, this is the first report of impaired C-tactile function in patients with PHN. Reduced pleasantness resulting from gentle touch can reflect defective C-fiber function or result from central nervous system effects in a chronic pain state. Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) affects most patients with chronic shoulder pain. Dry needling (DN) is a common treatment for MPS, but its temporal pattern and sensory effects remain unknown. We evaluated in a randomized, sham-controlled study the pattern of analgesic efficacy and local sensory changes of a single session of DN for MPS in patients with chronic shoulder pain. Patients with chronic shoulder pain were randomized into active (n = 20) or sham (n = 21) groups. A single DN was performed by a researcher blinded to group assignment and pain outcomes. Zamaporvint Pain intensity was assessed by the numeric rating score, and sensory thresholds were evaluated with a quantitative sensory testing protocol, including the area of tactile sensory abnormalities 7 days before needling, right before, and 7 days after the intervention. Dry needling led to significant larger pain intensity reduction (from 6.30 ± 2.05 to 2.40 ± 2.45 in the active group; = 0.02, effect size = -1.3 (95% CI [-2.0 to -0.68]); (number necessary to treat = 2.1). Pain reduction scores were significantly different on the second day after needling and persisted so until the seventh day and were accompanied by improvement in other dimensions of pain and a decrease in the area of mechanical hyperalgesia in the active DN group alone ( < 0.05). Active trigger points DN provided analgesic effects compared with sham and decreased the area of local mechanical hyperalgesia. These findings have practical clinical implications and may provide mechanistic insights behind MPS.Active trigger points DN provided analgesic effects compared with sham and decreased the area of local mechanical hyperalgesia. These findings have practical clinical implications and may provide mechanistic insights behind MPS.A novel spirobifluorene derivative bearing two bissulfonamido groups is successfully synthesized by Sonogashira coupling. This compound exhibits a strong fluorescence quenching by Cu(II) ion in a 50% mixture between acetonitrile and 20 mM pH 7.0 N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer with a detection limit of 98.2 nM. However, this sensor also shows ratiometric signal shifts from blue to yellow in the presence of Zn(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) ions. The static quenching mechanism is verified by the signal reversibility using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the Stern-Volmer plots at varying temperatures. The Cu(II)-spirobifluorene complex shows a highly selective fluorescence enhancement upon the addition of CN- ion with the detection limit of 390 nM. The application of this complex for quantitative analysis of spiked CN- ion in real water samples resulted in good recoveries.The hydrocarboxyl radical (HOCO) is an important species in combustion and astrochemistry because it is easily converted to CO2 after hydrogen reduction. In this study, the formation mechanism of the HOCO radical in a CO-H2O system was investigated by direct ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Two reactions were examined for HOCO formation. First, the reaction dynamics of the CO-H2O cluster cation, following the ionization of the neutral parent cluster CO(H2O) n (n = 1-4), were investigated. Second, the bimolecular collision reaction between CO and (H2O) n + was studied. In the ionization of the CO(H2O) n clusters (n = 3 and 4), proton transfer, expressed as CO(H2O) n + → CO-(OH)H3O+(H2O) n -2, occurred within the (H2O) n + cluster cation, and the HOCO radical was yielded as a product upon addition of CO and OH. This reaction proceeds under zero-point energy. Also, this radical was effectively formed from the collision reaction of CO with water cluster cation (H2O) n +, expressed as CO + OH(H3O+)(H2O) n -2 → HOCO-H3O+ + (H2O) n -2.