52-fold. The best producer-when TAL1, ENO2, ARO1, ARO4 K229L , ARO7 G141S , and TAL were overexpressed, and PDC5 and ARO10 were deleted-increased p-coumaric acid production by 14.08-fold (from 1.4 to 19.71 mg L-1). Our study provided a valuable insight into the optimization of l-tyrosine metabolic pathway.We employ the Cloud Regime (CR) concept to identify large-scale tropical convective systems and investigate their characteristics in terms of organization and precipitation. The tropical CRs (TCRs) are derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) and Cloud Top Pressure (CTP) two-dimensional joint histograms. We focus on the TCRs that have relatively low CTPs and high COTs, as well as heavy precipitation, namely TCR1 (convective core-dominant), TCR2 (various high clouds), and TCR3 (anvils). The horizontal size of aggregates of TCR1, 2, or 3 occurrences (TCR123) is identified as the number of contiguous 1°×1° grid cells occupied by either of these three TCRs. For the small to intermediate size aggregates (TCR123 size 20 to 160 one-degree grid cells), there is large variability in the fraction of the aggregate each TCR occupies, but generally TCR2 exhibits the highest fraction. As the total system size grows, the variability shrinks and for the largest systems ratios eventually converge to 0.3, 0.2, and 0.5 for TCR1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean precipitation of convective core-rich TCR1 is generally high for the systems of intermediate size (80-160 one-degree grid cells), but with the highest mean coming from smaller systems of 20-40 grid cells. For the largest systems, their mean precipitation in areas containing cores (TCR1) are relatively low with suppressed variation. The mean precipitation rates of TCR2 and TCR3 in a TCR123 aggregate tend to be stronger when accompanying TCR1 mean precipitation rate is also high.The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinically manifests as respiratory and gastrointestinal presentations, most commonly vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Although the impaired liver function is prevalent in COVID-19, it is poorly understood. We report the first case of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation caused by COVID-19 in a young adult with altered mental status and severe transaminitis. The patient was asymptomatic, hypothermic, his skin was jaundiced with the icteric sclera, with very high levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 4,933 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 4,758 U/L), and total bilirubin (183.9 mmol/L) levels. It is warranted that patients with abnormal liver functions tend to have an increased risk of COVID-19. Thus, increased attention should be paid to the care of patients with abnormal liver functions, and testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA is warranted in the COVID era.COVID-19 can lead to severe pneumonia, requiring mechanical ventilation. While increased sputum secretion could cause airway obstruction during mechanical ventilation, there are few reported cases in the literature. We report a case of a 65-year-old man with diabetes and severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation and treated with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, nafamostat, and prone positioning. Initially, mechanical ventilation consisted of a heat moisture exchanger, endotracheal tube aspiration, and subglottic secretion drainage using a closed suction system. However, endotracheal tube impaction by highly viscous sputum occurred during this mechanical ventilation system. Replacing the endotracheal tube, the use of a humidifier instead of a heat moisture exchanger, and prone positioning contributed to the patient being weaned off mechanical ventilation. Although anti-aerosol measures are important for severe COVID-19 pneumonia, attention should be given to potential endotracheal tube impaction during mechanical ventilation.Brugada syndrome, also called Pokkuri Death Syndrome, is an autosomal dominant electrophysiological phenomenon that increases the risk of spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Due to sodium channel mutations in the cardiac membrane, most commonly SCN5A and SCN10A, the heart can be triggered into a fatal arrhythmia. Brugada syndrome can be triggered by fever, and medications including antiarrhythmics, psychotropics, and recreational drugs like cocaine and marijuana. We report a case that demonstrates the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome in an otherwise very healthy 22-year-old African-American male. He presented after a syncopal event and developed spontaneous ventricular tachycardia and torsades de pointes. Electrocardiogram (EKG) findings documented a type I Brugada pattern and, once stabilized, the patient underwent an internal cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement.Given the promising response of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) in treating advanced malignancies, their use in clinical practice is on the rise. ICPIs are associated with a wide spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The reported side effects of therapy can be severe enough to require interruption or withdrawal. We are presenting a case of a checkpoint inhibitor-induced acute pancreatitis and colitis, treated with high-dose steroids. Harmine This case highlights the need for all physicians to be aware of the different presentations of irAEs from checkpoint inhibitors to provide the correct diagnosis and management.A 70-year-old man was treated with catheter ablation for symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). The treatment consisted of pulmonary vein isolation and radiofrequency ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus line. However, the patient started vomiting two days after ablation. Abdominal radiography and plain abdominal computed tomography revealed gastric distension and massive accumulation of food residues. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy after fasting for two days revealed no organic stricture; food residues were retained in the stomach but not in the duodenum, suggesting gastroparesis. The most likely mechanism underlying gastroparesis associated with AF ablation is collateral periesophageal vagal nerve injury. Mosapride citrate is considered effective for symptoms.