Aliphatic azides are a versatile class of compounds found in a variety of biologically active pharmaceuticals. These compounds are also recognized as useful precursors for the synthesis of a range of nitrogen-based scaffolds of therapeutic drugs, biologically active compounds, and functional materials. In light of the growing importance of aliphatic azides in both chemical and biological sciences, a vast array of synthetic strategies for the preparation of structurally diverse aliphatic azides have been developed over the past decades. However, to date, this topic has not been the subject of a dedicated review. This review aims to provide a concise overview of modern synthetic strategies to access aliphatic azides that have emerged since 2010. The discussed azidation reactions include (a) azidation of C-C multiple bonds, (b) azidation of C-H bonds, (c) the direct transformation of vinyl azides into other aliphatic azides, and (d) miscellaneous reactions to access aliphatic azides. We critically discuss the synthetic outcomes and the generality and uniqueness of the different mechanistic rationale of each of the selected reactions. The challenges and potential opportunities of the topic are outlined.Marine ecosystems present the largest source of biodiversity on the planet and an immense reservoir of novel chemical entities. Sessile marine organisms such as sponges produce a wide range of complex secondary metabolites, many of these with potent biological activity engineered for chemical defense. That such compounds exert dynamic effects outside of their native context is perhaps not surprising, and the realm of marine natural products has attracted considerable attention as a largely untapped repository of potential candidates for drug development. Only a handful of the more than 15 000 marine natural products that have been isolated to date have advanced to the clinic, and more are to be expected. The rich chemical information encoded in the intricate three-dimensional structures of many marine natural products facilitates highly discriminating interactions with cell signaling pathways, and especially within cancer cells such nuanced effects offer an exciting opportunity for the development of targeted to bear during optimization of a late-stage Suzuki coupling on stelletin A. Finally, preliminary structure-activity relationship studies in glioblastoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines were conducted on stelletin A, revealing that the singular trans-syn-trans perhydrobenz[e]indene core is essential for the cytotoxic activity of the isomalabaricane triterpenoids.In chemistry and materials science, researchers and engineers discover, design, and optimize chemical compounds or materials with their professional knowledge and techniques. At the highest level of abstraction, this process is formulated as black-box optimization. For instance, the trial-and-error process of synthesizing various molecules for better material properties can be regarded as optimizing a black-box function describing the relation between a chemical formula and its properties. Various black-box optimization algorithms have been developed in the machine learning and statistics communities. Recently, a number of researchers have reported successful applications of such algorithms to chemistry. They include the design of photofunctional molecules and medical drugs, optimization of thermal emission materials and high Li-ion conductive solid electrolytes, and discovery of a new phase in inorganic thin films for solar cells.There are a wide variety of algorithms available for black-box optimization, su put forward, automated discovery algorithms would be able to match human performance at least in some domains in the near future.DNA nanotechnology has produced a wide range of self-assembled structures, offering unmatched possibilities in terms of structural design. Because of their programmable assembly and precise control of size, shape, and function, DNA particles can be used for numerous biological applications, including imaging, sensing, and drug delivery. While the biocompatibility, programmability, and ease of synthesis of nucleic acids have rapidly made them attractive building blocks, many challenges remain to be addressed before using them in biological conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis, low cellular uptake, immune cell recognition and degradation, and unclear biodistribution profiles are yet to be solved. Rigorous methodologies are needed to study, understand, and control the fate of self-assembled DNA structures in physiological conditions. In this review, we describe the current challenges faced by the field as well as recent successes, highlighting the potential to solve biology problems or develop smart drug delivery tools. We then propose an outlook to drive the translation of DNA constructs toward preclinical design. We particularly believe that a detailed understanding of the fate of DNA nanostructures within living organisms, achieved through thorough characterization, is the next required step to reach clinical maturity.Anaplasma phagocytophilum, transmitted by Ixodes ticks, is an intracellular pathogen of zoonotic interest. Regarding animals of veterinary importance, infection by this agent has been linked mainly to high fever, neutropenia, reduced milk production, but hemorrhagic diathesis, abortion and impaired spermatogenesis have also sporadically been reported. In Greece, A. phagocytophilum has been detected in dogs, ticks and humans, while so far only A. ovis had been detected in farm animals. Following the occurrence of multiple abortions in two goat farms in Northern Greece, samples were collected from aborted animals. Stomach contents and placental tissue from aborted animals tested positive for A. phagocytophilum by molecular assays and negative for other infectious and parasitic agents. Treatment with oxytetracycline LA stopped the abortions. In tick risk areas clinicians should consider A. phagocytophilum as a cause of abortion in goats.Brucellosis is a widespread disease in Egypt which cause huge economic losses in the dairy industry. The present study aims at isolating and identifying Brucella (B.) spp. read more circulating in bovine and buffalo dairy herds kept at farmers houses in four districts of the Delta region of Egypt. One hundred and five tissue specimens were collected from seropositive cattle and buffaloes. The samples included 10 vaginal swabs, 3 placentas, 3 uteri and 86 supra-mammary lymph nodes from dams, as well as 3 stomach contents from aborted fetuses. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and the conventional biotyping techniques were used for preliminary identification of isolates into the genus level. AMOS-PCR was applied to differentiate Brucella isolates into species level. Nineteen Brucella strains have been identified, four B. abortus strains were recovered from cattle and 15 B. melitensis strains were isolated from both cattle (n = 8) and buffaloes (n = 7). The predominant occurrence of B. melitensis in bovines raises the fact that B.