To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and whole-body composition in patients with congenital hypogonadism and investigate the effects of replacement therapy with testosterone undecanoate on MS, insulin resistance (IR), and whole-body composition in subset of patients. In a single arm prospective longitudinal intervention study, 33 patients with congenital hypogonadism, ages 20-39 years, were recruited and their parameters of MS, whole-body composition by DXA were compared with age and BMI matched healthy controls. In 21 patients, after 9 months we prospectively studied the effect (pre-post difference) of injection testosterone undecanoate (1,000 mg) replacement on MS, IR, and whole-body compositions. The prevalence of MS was similar in patients and controls (27.3% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.05). Hypogonadism patients had higher prevalence of hypertension (33% vs. 3%, P < 0.01). Patients had decrease in lean body mass (P < 0.05) as compared to controls. After testosterone replacement, there wa and improvement in lean body mass, and insulin sensitivity.Central airway abnormalities are the most overlooked part of the respiratory system during high-resolution computed tomography thorax specifically when these are subtle and read by less experienced eyes. In this article, we have tried to emphasize the importance to include central airways in reporting checklist. Systematically, analysis of airways can give important clues and narrow down the differentials and clinch the diagnosis in some cases like in our index one.An 81-year-old male presented with a background history of progressive shortness of breath for 3 years with recent worsening in the past 6 months. Clinicoradiological investigations were consistent with a nonresolving consolidation involving predominantly right lung. This clinicopathologic conference discusses the differential diagnoses of pneumonia of long-standing duration and their management options.Central airway obstruction is a common complication of advanced esophageal carcinoma requiring bronchoscopic evaluation and intervention by a pulmonologist. Airway assessment by flexible bronchoscopy is crucial for the selection of the most suitable modality for the management of central airway obstruction. In such situations, flexible bronchoscopy may however be complicated by the development of hypoxemia. Oxygen therapy by high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been used for the correction of hypoxemia for a number of conditions, including diagnostic bronchoscopy. This case report describes a successful use of HFNC for correction of severe hypoxemia during the placement of a metallic stent in a patient with tracheal obstruction due to esophageal carcinoma.Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) of the lung is a rare histological subtype of nonsmall cell lung cancer and comprises a diagnostically and therapeutically challenging group of tumors. We report a patient of SC of the lung in an elderly patient who presented with a lung mass. Computed tomography-guided biopsy of the lung mass was done, which clinched the diagnosis. We present this case because of the rarity of this histological subtype and to expand understanding regarding this rare cancer.A 66-year-old Caucasian female with a 40-pack-year history of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented for follow-up of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers Stage IB left upper lobe adenocarcinoma and Stage IA right middle lobe (RML) squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with left upper lobectomy and RML pulmonary wedge resection 5 years prior. Surveillance chest computed tomography showed an increase in the size of the subcarinal lymph node and right lymph node conglomerate encasing the right upper lobe pulmonary artery, consistent with metastasis. Fine-needle aspiration of level 4R lymph nodes was performed. Histology and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. Consequently, the patient was placed on cisplatin/etoposide combination chemotherapy.The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has changed the landscape of medical care. Efforts made to limit the spread of the deadly disease have impacted the specialty of palliative medicine in ways that could not have been completely predicted or appreciated. The consequences of these changes have been most evident in the care of COVID-19 patients and families within the intensive care unit. The policies meant to keep staff, patients, and families safe, greatly changed the way that palliative medicine could be provided. This article provides a more in-depth look at how the practice of palliative medicine adapted to such difficult and constantly changing times, particularly in aspects of family meetings, communication, paternalism, managing emotions, death, and grief. Despite the ongoing challenges presented by this virus, the specialty of palliative medicine may be well suited to adapt and flourish. Polyacrylate (PA) powder dust formed in PA manufacturing units is fine sized, i.e., in nanosize. Although several previous studies reported possible significant adverse effects of nanomaterials, studies on the harmful effect of small-sized PA particles on the respiratory health of the workers are scarce. The present study was carried out to assess the effect of PA on respiratory health and lung volumes/rates among the workers of PA manufacturing unit. The present cross-sectional study included 84 workers of PA manufacturing unit. Using interview technique as a tool for data collection, demographic, occupational, and clinical details of the workers were recorded on the predesigned pro forma. This was followed by detailed clinical examination, spirometry, chest X-ray ( posteroanterior [PA] view), and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) examination of each worker. On the basis of clinical examination, chest radiography, and HRCT, 17.9% of the workers were found to have fibrotic and cavitary changes in lung parenchyma. The production department workers had a higher proportion of respiratory morbidities as compared to supervisory or office staff. Age, gender, smoking habit, and duration of exposure were nonsignificant risk factors for respiratory morbidity. The overall mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), (Maximal Mid Expiratory Flow Rate) MMEFR , and MMEFR were 3.19 ± 0.77 L, 2.72 ± 0.67 L, 6.82 ± 1.86 L/s, 5.79 ± 2.03 L/s, and 3.16 ± 1.19 L/s, respectively. read more Females and those having respiratory morbidity had significantly lower values of all spirometric parameters as compared to their counterparts. The workers exposed to engineered fine dust of PA may be at risk of respiratory ill-health.The workers exposed to engineered fine dust of PA may be at risk of respiratory ill-health.