Furthermore, in the comparison group pregnancy-specific distress decreased and mood improved from early to late pregnancy, whereas these changes across pregnancy were not evident in women in the prenatal loss group. Our findings suggest that prenatal loss in a prior pregnancy is associated with a subsequent pregnancy with significantly higher stress and impaired mood levels in everyday life across gestation. These findings have important implications for designing EMA-based ambulatory, personalized interventions to reduce stress during pregnancy in this high-risk group.Our findings suggest that prenatal loss in a prior pregnancy is associated with a subsequent pregnancy with significantly higher stress and impaired mood levels in everyday life across gestation. These findings have important implications for designing EMA-based ambulatory, personalized interventions to reduce stress during pregnancy in this high-risk group. Violent criminal offenders with personality disorders (PD's) can cause immense harm, but are often deemed untreatable. This study aimed to conduct a randomized clinical trial to test the effectiveness of long-term psychotherapy for rehabilitating offenders with PDs. We compared schema therapy (ST), an evidence-based psychotherapy for PDs, to treatment-as-usual (TAU) at eight high-security forensic hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients in both conditions received multiple treatment modalities and differed only in the individual, study-specific therapy they received. One-hundred-three male offenders with antisocial, narcissistic, borderline, or paranoid PDs, or Cluster B PD-not-otherwise-specified, were assigned to 3 years of ST or TAU and assessed every 6 months. Primary outcomes were rehabilitation, involving gradual reintegration into the community, and PD symptoms. Patients in both conditions showed moderate to large improvements in outcomes. ST was superior to TAU on both primary outcomes - rehabilitation (i.e. attaining supervised and unsupervised leave) and PD symptoms - and six of nine secondary outcomes, with small to moderate advantages over TAU. ST patients moved more rapidly through rehabilitation (supervised leave, treatment*time F(5308) = 9.40, p < 0.001; unsupervised leave, treatment*time F(5472) = 3.45, p = 0.004), and showed faster improvements on PD scales (treatment*time t(1387) = -2.85, p = 0.005). These findings contradict pessimistic views on the treatability of violent offenders with PDs, and support the effectiveness of long-term psychotherapy for rehabilitating these patients, facilitating their re-entry into the community.These findings contradict pessimistic views on the treatability of violent offenders with PDs, and support the effectiveness of long-term psychotherapy for rehabilitating these patients, facilitating their re-entry into the community. Synchronized cardioversion is an internationally accepted standard therapy for unstable tachyarrhythmias, but it is conventionally an in-hospital physician-led intervention. Increasingly, it is being brought forward into the prehospital setting as part of a specialist paramedic scope of practice; however, very little literature exists regarding the epidemiology or efficacy in this setting. All patients receiving cardioversion within a United Kingdom (UK) ambulance service were identified using an electronic database. The period of inclusion was March 1, 2017 through October 31, 2020. These data were then interrogated to provide demographic, physiological, and efficacy data, and then a sub-group was created to identify those who presented with a primary arrhythmia (as opposed to post-cardiac arrest). From a total of 93 patients, prehospital synchronized cardioversion successfully terminated the tachyarrhythmia in 96% of patients presenting with a primary arrhythmia (85% in the allcomers group) with a predominance towards males (82% of patients) and an average age of 67 years. Selleckchem Isoprenaline Hypotension and reduced level of consciousness were the most commonly documented unstable features (84.4% and 44.4%). Cardioversion within a paramedic-led service results in efficacy rates of 96% in patients presenting with a primary tachyarrhythmia. This is a similar efficacy rate to traditional doctor-led therapies. Demographic data show that males make up over 80% of the patient population, in keeping with previously published work across the spectrum of cardiac interventions.Cardioversion within a paramedic-led service results in efficacy rates of 96% in patients presenting with a primary tachyarrhythmia. This is a similar efficacy rate to traditional doctor-led therapies. Demographic data show that males make up over 80% of the patient population, in keeping with previously published work across the spectrum of cardiac interventions.This study sought to understand the evolving continuing medical education (CME) needs of physicians managing patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD). A case-based survey was developed, and later updated, to assess current practice, knowledge, and attitudes of neurologists and psychiatrists in the management of patients with TD. The original and updated survey were fielded in May 2018 and March 2020, respectively, to US-practicing psychiatrists and neurologists. Results were obtained from 213 psychiatrists and 187 neurologists in 2018 and from 125 psychiatrists and 128 neurologists in 2020. Less than half of physicians in both 2018 and 2020 were able to correctly identify the prevalence of TD in patients on maintenance antipsychotics, with many underestimating reported prevalence. Respondents reported moderate familiarity with VMAT2 inhibitor therapies for TD, with self-reported familiarity increasing more among neurologists than psychiatrists since the 2018 study. Psychiatrists are more likely than neurologists to take responsibility for medical management of TD symptoms and antipsychotic medication adjustment. Despite recommendations from APA guidelines and AAN reviews, 15% of physicians would use an anticholinergic to manage TD symptoms and only about half would opt for a VMAT2 inhibitor. There was a larger increase in VMAT inhibitor use between 2018 and 2020 among neurologists as compared to psychiatrists. The findings support the need for CME on TD focused toward specific provider groups. While both types of specialists would benefit from CME on the topic of TD epidemiology, there is an increased need for CME that includes treatment updates among psychiatrists.Funding. Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc.