Results of studies performed on human samples, animal models of disease, as well as relevant in vitro systems will be discussed.In this study, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) was first washed (pretreatment) with pure water with liquid to solid (L/S) ratio of 2, 3, 6, 10, to understand the removal efficiency of chlorine and sulphate, as well as its consequent ability as alkaline activator for granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Washed MSWIFA was blended with GGBFS at a fixed ratio of 37 to examine their impact on mechanical properties, reaction mechanism, microstructure and leaching behavior. The results showed that chlorine in MSWIFA (>70%) can be washed out easily, while the removal of sulphate was largely depended on the L/S. GGBFS can be better activated by a low L/S (e.g. 2) washed-MSWIFA with attaining the compressive strength of 45.2MPa at 28 days. The higher chlorine and sulphate contents retained in the washed-MSWIFA, the higher the total heat release in the activated GGBFS system. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), ettringite (AFt) and Friedel's salt were the main hydration products of the activated binders. The rapid formation of AFt was mainly responsible for the 1-day strength development. Large amounts of Friedel's salts were formed from 1 day to 3 days associated to the inhibition of sulphate, and the presence of C-S-H played the key role in long-term strength development. The leaching test of heavy metals and soluble ions also demonstrated that washed MSWIFA activated GGBFS binders were harmless to the environment.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and DNA methylation in adults from published observational studies. PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases were systematically searched for available studies on the association between air pollution and DNA methylation published up to March 9, 2021. Three DNA methylation approaches were considered global methylation, candidate-gene, and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). Meta-analysis was used to summarize the combined estimates for the association between air pollutants and global DNA methylation levels. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochran Q test and quantified with the I2 statistic. In total, 38 articles were included in this study 16 using global methylation, 18 using candidate genes, and 11 using EWAS, with 7 studies using more than one approach. Meta-analysis revealed an imprecise but inverse association between exposure to PM2.5 and global DNA methylation (for each 10-μg/m3 PM2.5, comify the association between air pollution and DNA methylation.Chronic exposure to pyrethroid insecticides can result in strong selective pressures on non-target species in aquatic systems and drive the evolution of resistance and population-level changes. Characterizing the underlying mechanisms of resistance is essential to better understanding the potential consequences of contaminant-driven microevolution. The current study found that multiple mechanisms enhance the overall tolerance of Hyalella azteca to the pyrethroid permethrin. In H. azteca containing mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), both adaptation and acclimation played a role in mitigating the adverse effects of pyrethroid exposures. Pyrethroid resistance is primarily attributed to the heritable mutation at a single locus of the VGSC, resulting in reduced target-site sensitivity. However, additional pyrethroid tolerance was conferred through enhanced enzyme-mediated detoxification. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450) and general esterases (GE) significantly contributed to the detoxificic and genomic basis of acclimation is necessary to more accurately predict the ecological and evolutionary consequences of contaminant-driven change in H. azteca.Microplastic (MP) occurrence is a major global issue, though data on MP occurrence in the Philippines is limited and the potential effects of MPs on biota are still poorly studied. MP occurrence in fishes remains a concern, especially in economically and ecologically important species such as Siganus spp. This study determined MP occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract of wild rabbit fishes from Tañon Strait, the largest marine protected area in the Philippines. Siganus canaliculatus (n = 65), S. spinus (n = 17), S. guttatus (n = 5), S. virgatus (n = 8) and S. punctatus (n = 1) were sampled from the north and south of the strait. All MPs isolated from the gut of the rabbit fishes except for fibers were chemically analyzed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy; an established library was used to determine the polymeric identities. Five particles were confirmed as polyester, polyamide, polyethylene or phenoxy resin MPs. The average MP abundance was 0.05 items/individual (S. virgatus > S. guttatus > S. canaliculatus > S. spinus = S. punctatus), which is comparable to studies conducted in other locations using similar methods. Fibers were counted (1556 in total), but not chemically analyzed. The low MP abundance in the samples may be attributed to the capability of rabbit fishes to discriminate food preferences. Selleck OICR-8268 However, the risks associated with MPs should not be underestimated, especially as all parts of the fishes-including the gut-are utilized as human foods in the Philippines and many other Asian countries.Observations of beached polypropylene inkjet cartridges, spilled from a ship container lost in the North Atlantic Ocean, have been compiled through calls on international social media. Within a period of four years from the spillage, a total of about 1500 cartridges was reported in locations as far apart as Florida and northern Norway. The distribution of cartridges reflected the principal surface currents in the ocean, with some carried by the Azores and Canary currents around the North Atlantic Gyre, and others transported northwards with the North Atlantic and Norwegian currents. Along the shorelines of the UK and Ireland, there was a clear, preferential accumulation of cartridges on west- and south-facing coasts, consistent with the direction of the North Atlantic current and the heading of the principal winds. Dates of first sightings in various regions throughout the North Atlantic (and as reported on social media) suggested that cartridges traveled on average at around 6-13 cm s-1. These observations and estimates were largely consistent with simulations of the dispersion of free floating, neutrally buoyant particles from the spillage site derived from PlasticAdrift, an empirical model based on drifter tracking data.