6 and 24.4months, respectively. All patients returned to work in an average of 13.4weeks with a good radiological bone union and an excellent range of movements. All had an average 2-point discrimination of 8.5mm and 8.3mm; VAS as 0.2, mean quick DASH score 5.4 and 5.0, respectively in both groups. 15% dysplastic nail and 30% had cold intolerance; all had satisfactory sensation in the final follow-up with an average finger shortening of 4.7 and 5mm. No finger stiffness and donor site morbidity seen. Reposition of the amputated distal phalanx, free nailbed graft with cross finger flap in motorcycle spokes wheel injury is safe, and effective. It preserves the pulp contour and gives a good functional outcome. It is a viable alternative option to replantation in Allen's type III and IV fingertip amputations especially in motorcycle spokes wheel injury with pulp loss. IV.IV. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) becomes increasingly relevant in an aging society. Functional outcome (FO) and the patient-reported outcome (PRO) after surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures (PHF) depends on numerous factors, including patient- and injury-specific factors. There is little evidence on how the FO and the PRO vary in different settings such as monotrauma or multiple injuries, even though the PHF is one of the more frequent fractures. In addition, to a previous study, on multiple injured patients and upper extremity injuries, the aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of multiple injuries, quantified by the ISS, on the FO and PRO after surgically treated PHF by PHILOS. A retrospective cohort-study was conducted with an additional follow-up by a questionnaire. HRQoL tools such as range of motion (ROM), the Quick-Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand score (DASH), EuroQol Five Dimension Three Levels (EQ-5D-3L), and EuroQol VAS (EQ-VAS) were used. The study-populat DASH, EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS to age, gender and TBIs. Multiple injuries did not affect the DASH, ROM or EQ-VAS after PHILOS; but a higher ISS negatively affected the EQ-5D-EL. While the ROM and DASH aim to be objective measurements of functionality, EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS represent the patients' PRO. The FO and PRO outcomes are not substitutable, and both should be taken into consideration during follow-up visits of multiple injured patients. Future research should prospectively explore whether the findings of this study can be recreated using a larger study population and investigate if different FO and PRO parameters come to similar conclusions. The gained information could be used for an enhanced long-term evaluation of patients who suffered a PHF from multiple injuries to meet their multifarious conditions. II.II.Claudins are a family of integrated membrane-bound proteins involving in paracellular tightness, barrier forming, ion permeability, and substrate selection at tight junctions of chordate epithelial and endothelial cells. Here, 39 putative claudin genes were identified in the Pungitius sinensis based on the high throughput RNA-seq. Conservative motif distribution in each group suggested functional relevance. Divergence of duplicated genes implied the species' adaptation to the environment. In addition, selective pressure analyses identified one site, which may accelerate functional divergence in this protein family. Pesticides cause environmental pollution and have a serious impact on aquatic organisms when entering the water. The expression pattern of most claudin genes was affected by organophosphorus pesticide, indicating that they may be involved in the immune regulation of organisms and the detoxification of xenobiotics. Protein-protein network analyses also exhibited 439 interactions, which implied the functional diversity. It will provide some references for the functional study on claudin genes.The IgMi mouse has normal B cell development; its B cells express an IgM B cell receptor but cannot class switch or secrete antibody. Thus, the IgMi mouse offers a model system by which to dissect out antibody-dependent and antibody-independent B cell function. Here, we provide the first detailed characterisation of the IgMi mouse post-Trichuris muris (T. muris) infection, describing expulsion phenotype, cytokine production, gut pathology and changes in T regulatory cells, T follicular helper cells and germinal centre B cells, in addition to RNA sequencing (RNA seq) analyses of wild-type littermates (WT) and mutant B cells prior to and post infection. IgMi mice were susceptible to a high-dose infection, with reduced Th2 cytokines and elevated B cell-derived IL-10 in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) compared to controls. A low-dose infection regime revealed IgMi mice to have significantly more apoptotic cells in the gut compared to WT mice, but no change in intestinal inflammation. IL-10 levels were again elevated. Collectively, this study showcases the potential of the IgMi mouse as a tool for understanding B cell biology and suggests that the B cell plays both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent roles post high- and low-dose T. muris infection. KEY MESSAGES During a high-dose T. muris infection, B cells are important in maintaining the Th1/Th2 balance in the MLN through an antibody-independent mechanism. High levels of IL-10 in the MLN early post-infection, and the presence of IL-10-producing B cells, correlates with susceptibility to T. muris infection. B cells maintain gut homeostasis during chronic T. muris infection via an antibody-dependent mechanism.With increases in migration across borders, age estimation in living individuals of not (reliably) documented identity becomes all the more important. Unfortunately, there are not many age indicators that can be used for this purpose, and human variation requires specific methodical approaches. In this paper, a recently proposed age marker to assess the age around the critical age limit of 18 completed years is tested. The method uses apophyseal development of cervical vertebrae 2, 3 and 4. Here CT scans of a large sample of Turkish individuals (n = 1276) were assessed, and likelihoods of being 18 years at a given stage were calculated. The likelihood of being at least 18 years for stages 0, 1 and 2 were zero or close to zero in both males and females. Box5 By the time that stage 4 was reached, the likelihood to be 18 years were between 65 and 70% (depending on the vertebra) in females and 81 and 90% in males. In comparison to South Africans, the Turkish individuals developed earlier, but the likelihoods of being 18 years were lower at stage 4 as some individuals were still judged to be in stage 3 well into their twenties.