In the last years, molecular genetic features have been integrated into the diagnosis of several types of the parasellar tumours enhancing diagnostic accuracy and providing information of the value for targeting therapies. In this review, we will present histopathological and molecular genetic features, updated classification criteria, recent advances in the diagnostics and rationale for novel pharmacological therapies of selected types of parasellar neoplasms. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.BACKGROUND Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) poses a considerable healthcare burden, but little is known about trends in directly attributable hospital utilization. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study national trends in healthcare utilization and outcomes among hospitalized MPE patients. METHODS We analyzed adult hospitalizations attributable to MPE using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project - National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) databases from 2004, 2009, and 2014. Cases were included if MPE was coded as the principal admission diagnosis or if unspecified pleural effusion was coded as the principal admission diagnosis in the setting of metastatic cancer. Annual hospitalizations were estimated for the entire US hospital population using discharge weights. Length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, and hospital mortality were also estimated. RESULTS We analyzed 92,034 hospital discharges spanning a decade (2004-2014). Yearly hospitalizations steadily decreased from 38,865 to 23,965 during this time frame, the mean LOS decreased from 7.7 to 6.3 days, and the adjusted hospital mortality decreased from 7.9 to 4.5% (p = 0.00 for all trend analyses). The number of pleurodesis procedures also decreased over time (p = 0.00). The mean inflation-adjusted charge per hospitalization rose from USD 41,252 to USD 56,951, but fewer hospitalizations drove the total annual charges down from USD 1.51 billion to USD 1.37 billion (p = 0.00 for both analyses). CONCLUSIONS The burden of hospital-based resource utilization associated with MPE has decreased over time, with a reduction in attributable hospitalizations by one third in the span of 1 decade. Correspondingly, the number of inpatient pleurodesis procedures has decreased during this time frame. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.Vitiligo, a common depigmenting skin disorder, has an estimated prevalence of 0.5-2% of the population worldwide. The disease is characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes which results in typical nonscaly, chalky-white macules. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vitiligo which is now clearly classified as an autoimmune disease. Vitiligo is often dismissed as a cosmetic problem, although its effects can be psychologically devastating, often with a considerable burden on daily life. In 2011, an international consensus classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other forms of vitiligo, and the term vitiligo was defined to designate all forms of nonsegmental vitiligo. Selleckchem Pomalidomide This review summarizes the current knowledge on vitiligo and attempts to give an overview of the future in vitiligo treatment. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.INTRODUCTION A number of factors that can impact the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedures have previously been investigated. Complex stones that extend to the anterior calyx could affect the success and complication rates of PCNL. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the effect of anterior calyx involvement on the outcomes of patients with complex stones treated with PCNL. METHODS A total of 132 consecutive patients who underwent PCNL due to complex stones (multiple, partial staghorn, or staghorn stones) between 2015 and 2017 were enrolled in this study. They were stratified into two groups based on whether the stone extended to the anterior calyx (group 1, n = 45) or not (group 2, n = 87). The stratification was achieved through contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT). Demographics, laboratory tests, and peri- and postoperative findings (operation and fluoroscopy duration, hospital stay, utilization of flexible instruments, access numbers, total blood count change, stone-free rate [SFR], and complications) were compared between the groups. The SFR was evaluated by plain kidney-ureter-bladder radiography or CT. RESULTS The demographics, operation and fluoroscopy duration, access number, and hospital stay were similar between the groups (p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that complicated stones with extension to the anterior calyx are more challenging than cases without extension to the anterior calyx. This was noted by a lower SFR, a more prominent drop in total blood count, and more frequent utilization of flexible scopes. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.BACKGROUND The histopathological correct diagnosis of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) is crucial for treatment selection and prognostication. It is also very challenging due to a limited experience in non-expert centers. Revision of pathology is standard of care for most patients who are referred to NEN expert centers. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical impact of histopathological revision for GEP-NEN patients referred to an expert center. METHODS Retrospective multicenter analysis of all GEP-NENs receiving a histopathological revision in 6 European NEN expert centers (Jan 2016‒Dec 2016) to evaluate the impact on patient management Results 175 patients were included and 14.7% referred for a second opinion. Histological samples were 69.1% biopsies, 23.4% surgical specimens and 7.5% endoscopic resections. Histopathological changes due to revision included first assessment of Ki67 in 8.6% of cases, change in grading in 11.4% (3.4% G1 to G2; 5.7% G2 to G1; 0.6% G2 to G3; 1.7% G3 to G2), definition of tumor invasion in 10.8%, additional immunohistochemical staining in 2.3%, diagnosis of mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) in 3.4%, exclusion of a NEN in 3.4%, first diagnosis of NEN in 2.3%, tumor differentiation for G3 in 1.7%. The revision had a clinical impact in 36.0% of patients, leading to a new therapeutic indication in 26.3%. Indication to then perform a new imaging test occurred in 21.1%, and recommendation to follow-up with no further treatments in 6.3%. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological revision in expert centers for NENs can change the diagnosis, with a significant clinical impact in about one third of patients. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.