Background Many topical agents are available in the market which interfere with pigmentation process at different levels. They are often known to cause side effects ranging from irritation to tumor over chronic use. Objective The present study was designed to develop and characterize an antiblemish cream containing herbal oils. Methods A herbal cream was formulated using dill, nagarmotha and black cumin oil and subjected to evaluation of its antiblemish potential against stress augmented UV-B rays induced hyperpigmentation. Topical oil in water type of cream containing 2%, 4% and 6% of each oil was formulated using herbal oils. The formulated cream was characterized for solubility, pH, particle size, grittiness, viscosity, stability, phase separation, shelf life and spreadability, and found to be stable. Acute dermal toxicity was carried out individually for dill, nagarmotha and black cumin oil according to OECD guideline 402. Hyperpigmentation was induced in all the experimental animals by stress augmented UV-B irradiation method. The animals were treated for 30 days (twice daily) with standard and test formulations by topical administration, whereas the disease group was left untreated. The skin of the animals were subjected to photographical study as well as grading for pigmentation and irritation before and after treatment. After treatment period, the serum antioxidant levels were estimated and histopathology, histochemical studies of skin were performed. Results The animals treated with test formulations containing 2%, 4%, 6% of herbal oil showed significant improvement from pigmentation compared to disease control as it is evident in photographical biochemical, histopathological and histochemical studies. Conclusion Thus, it was concluded that the developed antiblemish cream containing herbal oils possess significant antiblemish potential. This study necessitates further evaluations in human subjects as it could have highly positive therapeutic value in the treatment of hyperpigmentation.Introduction Fetuin-A serves a dual function; its high levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and on the other hand, it serves as a potent inhibitor of ectopic vascular calcification. Due to the opposing findings, the aim of the current study was to investigate serum fetuin-A levels in men with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods In the case-control study, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were determined in 83 men (43 CAD patients and 40 control subjects). At last, the serum fetuin-A levels were measured using the fetuin-A human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results A significant difference was detected among the two groups for triglyceride and cholesterol levels (P=0.003 and P=0.002, respectively). The mean fetuin A levels were determined 230.57 ± 63.76 and 286.35 ± 64.07 μg/ml for the control group and the CAD patients, respectively (P less then 0.001). Fetuin A was significantly correlated to the severity of CAD (r 0.393, P less then 0.001) and associated with the risk of CAD in subjects (OR [CI] = 1. 144 [1.060–1. 235]; p = 0.001). A cut-off value of 237.4 μg/ml had good sensitivity (76.7%) and specificity (65.0%) for differentiating between two groups [area under curve (AUC) = 0.732 (CI=0.621–0.842); p less then 0.001]. Conclusion Our results indicated that fetuin A levels were positively correlated to the severity of CAD. The findings suggest that there is a possible link between pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis and fetuin A; however, more investigations are needed in this regard.Background Etifoxine is an anxiolytic compound with a dual mechanism of action; it is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAergic receptors as well as a ligand for the 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO). TSPO has recently raised interest in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and experimental studies have shown that some TSPO ligands could induce neuroprotective effects in animal models. Objective In this study, we examined the potential protective effect of etifoxine in an in vitro and an in vivo model of amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced toxicity in its oligomeric form, which is a crucial factor in AD pathologic mechanisms. Method Neuronal cultures were intoxicated with Aβ1₋42, and the effects of etifoxine on oxidative stress, Tau-hyperphosphorylation and synaptic loss were quantified. In a mice model, behavioral deficits induced by intracerebroventricular administration of Aβ25₋35 were measured in a spatial memory test, the spontaneous alternation and in a contextual memory test, the passive avoidance test. Results In neuronal cultures intoxicated with Aβ1₋42, etifoxine dose-dependently decreased oxidative stress (methionine sulfoxide positive neurons), tau-hyperphosphorylation and synaptic loss (ratio PSD95/synaptophysin). In a mice model, memory impairments were fully alleviated by etifoxine administered at anxiolytic doses (12.5-50mg/kg). GSH molecular weight In addition, markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis were decreased in the hippocampus of these animals. Conclusion Our results have shown that in these two models, etifoxine could fully prevent neurotoxicity and pathological changes induced by Aβ. These results confirm that TSPO ligands could offer an interesting therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease.Lumateperone (ITI-007) is a tosylate salt with binding affinities to receptors implicated in the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic medications, including the serotonin 5HT2A receptors, dopamine D2 and D1 receptors and the serotonin transporter. It has a unique mechanism of action because it simultaneously modulates serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate neurotransmission, implicated in serious mental illness. It can be considered a multi-target-directed ligand and a multifunctional modulator of serotoninergic system with possible precognitive, antipsychotic, antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. Lumateperone has been investigated as a novel agent for the treatment of schizophrenia, but it represents a new potential option for other psychiatric and neurological diseases, such as behavioural symptoms of dementia or Alzheimer's Disease, sleep disturbances, bipolar depression. Besides, it has demonstrated a favourable safety profile without significant extrapyramidal side effects, hyperprolactinemia or changes in cardiometabolic or endocrine factors versus placebo.