To assess the outcomes of retroperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (r-RAPN) in a large cohort of patients with postero-lateral renal masses comparing to those of transperitoneal RAPN (t-RAPN). Patients with posterior (R.E.N.A.L. score grading P) or lateral (grading X) renal mass who underwent RAPN in six high-volume US and European centers were identified and stratified into two groups according to surgical approach r-RAPN ("study group") and t-RAPN ("control group"). selleck Baseline characteristics, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected and compared. Overall, 447 patients were identified for the analysis. 231 (51.7%) and 216 (48.3%) patients underwent r-RAPN and t-RAPN, respectively. Baseline characteristics were not statistically significantly different between the groups. r-RAPN group reported lower median operative time (140 vs. 170min, p < 0.001). No difference was found in ischemia time, estimated blood loss, and intraoperative complications. Overall, 47 and 54 postoperative th of stay, as suggested by previous reports. The purpose of this study is to determine if statin therapy decreases the incidence of non-infectious uveitis (NIU) using a retrospective cohort study. Patients enrolled in a national insurance plan who initiated statin (n = 711,734, statin cohort) or other lipid-lowering therapy (n = 148,044, non-statin cohort) were observed for NIU development. Incident NIU in the primary analysis was defined as a new diagnosis code for NIU followed by a second instance of a NIU code within 120days. For the secondary outcome definition, a corticosteroid prescription or code for an ocular corticosteroid injection within 120days of the NIU diagnosis code was used instead of the second NIU diagnosis code. Estimation of NIU incidence used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. The proportional hazards assumption was satisfied by creating two time periods of analysis, ≤ 150 and > 150days. Subanalyses were performed by anatomic subtype. Overall, the primary outcome occurred 541 times over 690,465 person-years in the statin cohort and 103 times over 104,301 person-years in the non-statin cohort. No associations were seen in the ≤ 150-day analyses (p > 0.20 for all comparisons). However, after 150days, the statin cohort was less likely to develop any uveitis [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.97, P = 0.03] in the primary outcome analysis, but did not meet significance for the secondary outcome (HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.63-1.15, P = 0.30). Similarly, in the anatomic subtype analysis, after 150days, the statin cohort was less likely to develop anterior uveitis (HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.97, P = 0.03) in the primary analysis, but the association did not reach significance for the secondary outcome (HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.56-1.20, P = 0.31). Our results suggest that statin therapy for > 150days decreases the incidence of NIU. 150 days decreases the incidence of NIU. Various molecules such as dopamine have been found to be associated with axial elongation in experimental studies. Here, we examined whether intraocular EGF is associated with axial length in myopic patients. The hospital-based investigation included patients of European descent without optic nerve, retinal, or macular diseases except for myopic maculopathy. Using aqueous humor samples collected during surgery, the EGF concentration was examined applying a cytometric bead array. High myopia was defined by an axial length of ≥ 27.0mm. The study included a non-highly myopic group of 11 patients (mean age, 72.9 ± 10.8years; mean axial length, 24.3 ± 1.1mm) and a highly myopic group of three patients (age, 81.11 ± 12.3years; axial length, 29.5 ± 1.3mm), with one of them having pathologic myopic maculopathy. In multivariable linear regression analysis, higher EGF concentration was correlated with the highly myopic versus non-highly myopic group (beta, 1.24; non-standardized correlation coefficient B, 6.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.10,12.4;P = 0.047) after adjusting for axial length. The amount of intraocular EGF was significantly higher in the highly myopic group than in the non-highly myopic group (89.1 ± 40.8pg versus 34.1 ± 13.2pg; P = 0.005), and it was highest in the eye with myopic maculopathy (135pg). The intraocular amount of EGF is higher in highly myopic versus non-highly myopic eyes.The intraocular amount of EGF is higher in highly myopic versus non-highly myopic eyes. To describe three patients that developed temporally distinct episodes of optic neuritis and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and imaging studies of three women evaluated at a tertiary referral center for both optic neuritis and MEWDS. Three otherwise healthy women, aged 17, 36, and 41, developed temporally separated episodes of optic neuritis and MEWDS. The time periods between the two events were 3, 48, and 60months, and in two of the three cases, the optic neuritis event preceded the episode of MEWDS. No patient endorsed prodromal flu-like symptoms prior to developing vision loss. The mean presenting visual acuities were better with the optic neuritis episode (LogMAR 0.360, Snellen 20/46) than with retinal event (LogMAR 0.684, Snellen 20/97). All three patients had improvement in vision, with mean visual acuity of 20/29 (LogMAR 0.165) at last follow-up. One patient later developed idiopathic noninfectious posterior uveitis and another developed multiple sclerosis requiring treatment. While a rare association, patients can develop both optic neuritis and MEWDS within the same eye at different time points. It is unknown whether such patients are at even higher risk of developing systemic autoimmune disease than are patients with either MEWDS or optic neuritis alone.While a rare association, patients can develop both optic neuritis and MEWDS within the same eye at different time points. It is unknown whether such patients are at even higher risk of developing systemic autoimmune disease than are patients with either MEWDS or optic neuritis alone.