5). There was no difference in mean ∆WOMAC scores (PAD=39, CON=41; p=0.9) or ∆KOOS subscales between groups. In addition, there were no differences in complications or reoperations between groups. PAD was not superior to CON in improving patient-reported outcomes or reducing complications and reoperation rates at medium term follow-up. The use of PAD in TKA to improve clinical outcomes alone cannot be justified based on the results of this study.PAD was not superior to CON in improving patient-reported outcomes or reducing complications and reoperation rates at medium term follow-up. The use of PAD in TKA to improve clinical outcomes alone cannot be justified based on the results of this study. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare and incurable disease. Because new treatments improved survival rates, return to work (RTW) became more relevant to MM patients of working age. Also, (health care) experts may be confronted with specific obstacles in guiding MM patients' RTW. Therefore, we aimed to qualitatively explore perspectives and experiences of MM patients and (health care) experts regarding RTW and participation at work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients (N = 9) and (health care) experts (N = 15). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes resulted from the interviews with patients and (health care) experts (1) severity of diagnosis and treatment impact RTW, (2) step-by-step reintegration facilitates RTW, (3) meaning of work differs between MM patients and experts and (4) lack of tailored counselling by experts. Although MM patients' work ability may be limited due to the severity of diagnosis and side effects from treatment, most patients consider RTW important. Crenolanib Both patients and (health care) experts emphasise the benefits from early work ability assessment (in the hospital setting) and specialised RTW counselling, especially in those with physically demanding jobs.Although MM patients' work ability may be limited due to the severity of diagnosis and side effects from treatment, most patients consider RTW important. Both patients and (health care) experts emphasise the benefits from early work ability assessment (in the hospital setting) and specialised RTW counselling, especially in those with physically demanding jobs. The purpose of this study is to compare the sterility of three C-Arm draping techniques the clip-drape, sterile pouch, and a novel drape tower method. We hypothesize that our novel technique will minimize floor contamination from reaching the surgical field while allowing the C-Arm machine to rotate between lateral and anterior-posterior positions more quickly. Five trials consisting of rotating the C-Arm and simulating surgeon movement were run using each technique. Ultraviolet light illuminating melamine powder was used to represent floor contamination. Measurements of melamine powder encroachment on the drapes were taken using the top of the C-Arm in lateral position as the reference point. The time needed to assemble, deploy, and retract the C-Arm was measured for each technique. The gown, gloves, and mayo stand were also examined after each trial for contamination. Compared to the clip drape, the drape tower prevented contamination from reaching the C-Arm by an additional 30.5cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.0-43.9, P < 0.001). The drape tower had faster deployment and retraction times than both the clip drape (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and sterile pouch (P=0.011 and P < 0.001, respectively). The clip drape and sterile pouch exhibited glove contamination in two (40%) simulations, while the drape tower showed no instances of contamination (P=0.255). The novel drape tower technique limits the encroachment of floor contamination onto sterile drapes. It should be considered as an alternative draping method for lower extremity surgery.The novel drape tower technique limits the encroachment of floor contamination onto sterile drapes. It should be considered as an alternative draping method for lower extremity surgery. The Central Africa International epidemiology Database to Evaluate AIDS (CA-IeDEA) is an open observational cohort study investigating impact, progression and long-term outcomes of HIV/AIDS among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo (ROC) and Rwanda. We describe trends in demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics as well as antiretroviral therapy (ART) use of patients aged>15years entering into HIV care in the participating CA-IeDEA site. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), CD4 cell count, WHO staging and ART status at entry into care from 2004 through 2018 were extracted from clinic records of patients aged>15years enrolling in HIV care at participating clinics in Burundi, Cameroon, DRC, ROC and Rwanda. We assessed trends in patient characteristics at enrolment in HIV care including ART initiation within the first 30days after enrolment in care and calculated proporlementation of Treat All guidelines in the participating sites.Trends from 2004 to 2018 in the characteristics of patients participating in the CA-IeDEA cohort highlight improvements at entry into care and subsequent ART initiation including after the implementation of Treat All guidelines in the participating sites.Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease with an increased potential for mortality. The epithelium is key in understanding the pathobiology as it is specialized to perform functions like mechanical protection, immunological defense, and proprioception. In order to perform these array of functions, epithelial integrity is important. This integrity is maintained by a host of molecules which orchestrate the ability of the keratinocytes to function as a single unit. Desmoglein 3 antibodies formed in genetically susceptible individuals are known to cause the disruption of the intact oral mucosa leading to the formation of blisters in pemphigus vulgaris patients. However, there are underlying complex triggering pathways leading to the clinical disease. The aim of the review is to congregate and critically appraise the various triggering pathways which contribute toward the pathobiology of pemphigus vulgaris. Articles relevant to the pathobiology of pemphigus vulgaris were identified from various search databases till the year 2020.